diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 53d8b40..4b402d8 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -53,28 +53,29 @@ Imports point down only. Same-tier imports are forbidden. `internal/archtest` en
 
 ## Component rules
 
-- Signatures and results: PRD §5.1. Zero options give the default look. Sizes in options are dots.
+- Signatures and results: PRD §5.1, held by archtest `TestComponentsTakeTheirOptions`: `Name` takes `NameOptions` and returns `NameResult`. Zero options give the default look; required values are parameters. Sizes in options are dots.
 - `k := pixel.K(c)` once per component; layout sizes through `k.D(n)`. Integer options default through `pixel.Or`.
-- Custom-drawn controls end their Draw with `g.Finish(st)`. Grids of cells moved by arrows use `pixel.Pad`; custom-drawn sliders use `input.SlideBase`; one-shot timing steps with `k.Since`; a decorative one-shot on a cue steps with `k.Shot`, which Reduce Motion spends whole; a view that changes at a known moment asks `k.At`; a two-way slide (bars, fades, wipes) steps with `k.Toward`, which turns from where it is.
+- Custom-drawn controls end their Draw with `g.Finish(st)`. Grids of cells moved by arrows use `pixel.Pad`; custom-drawn sliders use `input.SlideBase`; every clock runs at S5's 4–15 fps (`checkFPS` panics otherwise): a blink is `g.Step(4)%4 < 2`, a timer counts quarter seconds, and a view that changes on whole seconds asks `k.At`; one-shot timing steps with `k.Since`, which holds at zero when the clock steps back; a stored start is read through `k.Elapsed(&t)`, which moves it to now when the clock steps back; drawing from time quantizes it to whole frames (`Truncate(time.Second / 15)`); a decorative one-shot on a cue steps with `k.Shot`, which Reduce Motion spends whole; a view that changes at a known moment asks `k.At`; a two-way slide (bars, fades, wipes) steps with `k.Toward`, which turns from where it is.
 - A one-shot effect inside a lasting view starts when its cue changes (a `Cue` option read through `k.Cue`, or a value that rises), never on its first frame. A state screen (`ErrorState`, `SuccessState`) starts when it appears. Decorative motion jumps to its end under Reduce Motion; countdowns and loaders keep time.
 - Containers take content as a final `func()`; interactive results are `NameResult`.
 - A Clicked, Shortcut, Changed or drag during the build makes MyGo build the frame again, so what they change shows at once. State changed any other way after its element was built (`Pressed`, `Edit.Changed`, a drag's release) is read at paint time, or set on the element after its children.
 - Never call `Selected`. The pixel theme keeps MyGo's row highlights clear, since scrolled rows sit between dots: draw chosen rows yourself.
 - A disabled or inert scroll view must not move: cover it, so the wheel stops above it.
-- Read pointers and keys only while `base.IsDisabled()` is false, never by the `Disabled` option alone: `pixel.Shell` disables the base under Inert too, and a drag begun before stays pressed.
+- Read pointers and keys only while `base.IsDisabled()` is false, never by the `Disabled` option alone: `pixel.Shell` disables the base under Inert too, and a drag begun before stays pressed. MyGo still hands a key to a base that turned off this frame, so keys go through `pixel.Shortcut` (archtest bans an element's own `Shortcut`); a container that stays enabled, or a wrapper around an editor, also checks its own off state. `pixel.Editor` turns away text typed in a veil's first frame; read an edited value after building its editor, or gate the read. A `HandleInput` handler runs before the build learns the base is off: it records, and the build applies only while the base is enabled.
+- MyGo's value bases (`ToggleBase`, `SwitchBase`, `CheckboxBase`, `RadioBase`, `SegmentedBase`, `TabsBase`, `CollapsibleBase`) turn their value while built, before `Disabled` applies, so a key in a veil's first frame lands. Hand them a copy; keep only turns of an enabled base.
 - MyGo paints a disabled element and all inside it at half opacity, and only a disabled element reads as disabled to assistive technology. Disable only drawless bases, as `pixel.Shell` does. A container with drawn content stays enabled, parks its focus, ignores input and says `DISABLED` in its description.
 - A press focuses the nearest focusable element under it, or nothing, and a focusable element keeps the click: clicks never reach its ancestors. A control that acts on a press is that focusable element. A `DialogBase` moves the focus inside as it opens and keeps Tab there, but only onto something focusable: make its panel focusable, ring off, and build its children in `pixel.Harbor(c, panel, …)` so controls turning off park their focus there and get it back. A closing overlay hands the focus back to its opener. While a press is on, `Hovered` is false for every other element: ask `Pressed`.
 - Enter and Space click a focused clickable element unless a `Shortcut` takes them. Take them wherever a click reads the pointer's position.
-- Under `pixel.Settings.Inert` (a busy veil) `pixel.Shell` disables every base and gives the focus back after. A popup sits above any veil: a control closes its popup when disabled or inert.
-- Elements are known by their place among siblings. Wrap one whose earlier siblings come and go in `ui.Box(c).Key(k)`, or it loses focus and state.
+- Under `pixel.Settings.Inert` (a busy veil) `pixel.Shell` disables every base and gives the focus back after. A popup sits above any veil: a control closes its popup when disabled or inert. If the popup held the focus, focus the opener and `pixel.Park` it in that frame; tell it by `Focused` on the popup's controls, since MyGo links parents only after a frame.
+- Elements are known by their place among siblings. Wrap one whose earlier siblings come and go in `ui.Box(c).Key(k)`, or it loses focus and state. Rows the caller removes are keyed by a name that must be unique: panic on twins.
 - Hosts send a key's release with its press, so tell a held key by its repeats.
 - Clip only boxes that sit on whole dots; split widths with whole-dot shares, not equal `Grow`. `Grow` starts from zero size, so never use it on a content-sized child.
 - `List` row builders run during layout: wrap them in `pixel.Lazy(c, row)`. A click met there lands after the build; keep it in `Local` state, invalidate, and report it next frame.
 - Single-key shortcuts only while `pixel.Typing(c)` is false; MyGo routes shortcuts before a focused field.
-- Copy shown by a component comes from `k.Msg`; business copy comes from the caller. Ark Pixel 12px lacks some hanzi: `TestMessagesHaveGlyphs` holds every message to the font.
+- Copy shown by a component comes from `k.Msg`; business copy comes from the caller. Ark Pixel 12px lacks some hanzi: `TestMessagesHaveGlyphs` holds every message to the font, `TestGalleryTextHasGlyphs` every gallery name and summary.
 - Item slots look alike everywhere: draw them with `data.DrawSlot` or `data.ItemSlot`.
 - Fail fast: panic on programmer errors such as bad options. Never swallow an error.
-- Composites log state changes: `slog.Debug("8bit: <component> <event>", …)`. Never log secrets.
+- Composites log state changes: `slog.Debug("8bit: <component> <event>", …)`. Never log secrets, nor anything typed or copied: log counts. The gallery logs which demo spoke, not what it said.
 - No cross-frame `*ui.Element` caching. No goroutines touching elements.
 - Files under 500 lines. Comments: one line, ten words at most, only when needed. No dead code, no versioned APIs.
 
diff --git a/account/about.go b/account/about.go
index 81de394..11e87ce 100644
--- a/account/about.go
+++ b/account/about.go
@@ -13,19 +13,18 @@ type Credit struct {
 }
 
 type AboutOptions struct {
-	Version string
 	Credits []Credit
 }
 
 // About shows the title as a logo, version, then credits.
-func About(c *ui.Context, title string, o AboutOptions) *ui.Element {
+func About(c *ui.Context, title, version string, o AboutOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
-	if o.Version == "" {
+	if version == "" {
 		panic("account: About needs a version")
 	}
 	return ui.Column(c).Gap(k.D(4)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(title).Children(func() {
 		text.OutlineText(c, title, text.OutlineTextOptions{Slot: pixel.Accent, Scale: 3})
-		pixel.Text(c, k.Msg("version")+" "+o.Version, pixel.TextOptions{Slot: pixel.Faint})
+		pixel.Text(c, k.Msg("version")+" "+version, pixel.TextOptions{Slot: pixel.Faint})
 		if len(o.Credits) == 0 {
 			return
 		}
diff --git a/account/keybindings.go b/account/keybindings.go
index 455ad3d..3cbb72b 100644
--- a/account/keybindings.go
+++ b/account/keybindings.go
@@ -75,23 +75,23 @@ func KeyBindings(c *ui.Context, text string, binds []Binding, o KeyBindingsOptio
 		kb.waiting = false
 	case kb.waiting:
 		// Waiting, every key binds, arrows too; Escape gives up.
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEscape) {
 			kb.waiting = false
 		}
 		for key := range caps {
-			if base.Shortcut(0, key) && kb.waiting {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, key) && kb.waiting {
 				binds[kb.cur].Key, kb.waiting, res.Changed = key, false, true
 				slog.Debug("8bit: key bindings", "label", text, "action", binds[kb.cur].Action, "key", caps[key])
 			}
 		}
 	default:
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 			kb.cur = max(0, kb.cur-1)
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 			kb.cur = min(len(binds)-1, kb.cur+1)
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace) {
 			kb.waiting = true
 		}
 		if base.Clicked() {
diff --git a/account/optioncycler.go b/account/optioncycler.go
index b6aa297..44d6fd1 100644
--- a/account/optioncycler.go
+++ b/account/optioncycler.go
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ func OptionCycler(c *ui.Context, text string, options []string, selected *int, o
 	n, old := len(options), *selected
 	if !base.IsDisabled() {
 		step := 0
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) {
 			step--
 		}
 		// Enter and Space step on; taken, clicks come from pointers.
-		right, enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		right, enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 		if right || enter || space {
 			step++
 		}
diff --git a/account/passwordgrid.go b/account/passwordgrid.go
index edbb4af..ddb3f24 100644
--- a/account/passwordgrid.go
+++ b/account/passwordgrid.go
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func PasswordGrid(c *ui.Context, text string, password *string, o PasswordGridOp
 		if picked >= 0 && len(*password) < n {
 			*password += symbols[picked : picked+1]
 		}
-		if !base.IsDisabled() && base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyBackspace) && *password != "" {
+		if !base.IsDisabled() && pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyBackspace) && *password != "" {
 			*password = (*password)[:len(*password)-1]
 		}
 		base.Description(symbols[*cur : *cur+1])
diff --git a/account/players_test.go b/account/players_test.go
index 13db048..5606692 100644
--- a/account/players_test.go
+++ b/account/players_test.go
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func TestPlayerSelectChooses(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAboutAndPatchNotesRead(t *testing.T) {
 	tt := view(500, 400, newWorld(), func(c *ui.Context) {
 		ui.Row(c).Children(func() {
-			account.About(c, "GAME", account.AboutOptions{Version: "1.2", Credits: []account.Credit{{Role: "Art", Name: "Ann"}}})
+			account.About(c, "GAME", "1.2", account.AboutOptions{Credits: []account.Credit{{Role: "Art", Name: "Ann"}}})
 			account.PatchNotes(c, "Notes", []account.Patch{{Version: "v2", Added: []string{"Boats"}, Fixed: []string{"Rain"}}}, account.PatchNotesOptions{Width: 120})
 		})
 	})
@@ -157,6 +157,6 @@ func TestAboutAndPatchNotesRead(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("the ADDED tag is not Good")
 	}
 	mustPanic(t, "no version", func() {
-		view(500, 400, newWorld(), func(c *ui.Context) { account.About(c, "G", account.AboutOptions{}) })
+		view(500, 400, newWorld(), func(c *ui.Context) { account.About(c, "G", "", account.AboutOptions{}) })
 	})
 }
diff --git a/account/rowkeys_test.go b/account/rowkeys_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0a1a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/account/rowkeys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package account_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/account"
+)
+
+func TestSessionFocusFollowsItsRow(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := newWorld()
+	ss := []account.Session{{Device: "Laptop", Seen: wd.clk.t}, {Device: "Phone", Seen: wd.clk.t}, {Device: "Tablet", Seen: wd.clk.t}}
+	gone := ""
+	tt := view(600, 400, wd, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if r := account.SessionList(c, "Sessions", ss, account.SessionListOptions{}); r.SignedOut >= 0 {
+			gone = ss[r.SignedOut].Device
+		}
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	// The laptop leaves; the focus stays on the phone's button.
+	ss = ss[1:]
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if gone != "Phone" {
+		t.Fatalf("Enter after the laptop left signed out %q", gone)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if r := fmt.Sprint(recover()); !strings.HasPrefix(r, "account: SessionList") {
+			t.Fatalf("two phones gave %q", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	twins := []account.Session{{Device: "Phone"}, {Device: "Phone"}}
+	view(600, 400, newWorld(), func(c *ui.Context) { account.SessionList(c, "S", twins, account.SessionListOptions{}) })
+}
diff --git a/account/sessionlist.go b/account/sessionlist.go
index 12abc8e..86b68d6 100644
--- a/account/sessionlist.go
+++ b/account/sessionlist.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package account
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
 
@@ -34,10 +35,18 @@ type SessionListResult struct {
 // SessionList lists signed-in devices, each with SIGN OUT.
 func SessionList(c *ui.Context, text string, sessions []Session, o SessionListOptions) SessionListResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
+	// Rows are keyed by device, so focus follows its row.
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, s := range sessions {
+		if seen[s.Device] {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("account: SessionList has %q twice", s.Device))
+		}
+		seen[s.Device] = true
+	}
 	res := SessionListResult{SignedOut: -1}
 	res.Element = ui.Column(c).Width(k.D(pixel.Or("SessionList Width", o.Width, 240))).Gap(k.D(4)).Role(ui.RoleList).Label(text).Children(func() {
 		for i, s := range sessions {
-			ui.Row(c).FillWidth().Gap(k.D(4)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Role(ui.RoleListItem).Children(func() {
+			ui.Row(c).Key(s.Device).FillWidth().Gap(k.D(4)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Role(ui.RoleListItem).Children(func() {
 				if s.Icon != nil {
 					ui.Box(c).Size(k.D(s.Icon.W), k.D(s.Icon.H)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 						k.Canvas(p, r).Sprite(0, 0, s.Icon, 0, pixel.Ink, 1)
diff --git a/chart/clock_back_test.go b/chart/clock_back_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81e355e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chart/clock_back_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package chart_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/chart"
+)
+
+func TestSpectrumPeaksStayWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	clk, levels := newClock(), []float64{1}
+	tt := view(200, 100, clk, func(c *ui.Context) { chart.SpectrumBars(c, "EQ", levels, chart.SpectrumBarsOptions{}) })
+	levels[0] = 0
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	before := bytes.Clone(tt.Image().Pix)
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(-time.Hour)
+	tt.Frame()
+	// A peak flung an hour high would leave the box.
+	if !bytes.Equal(before, tt.Image().Pix) {
+		t.Fatal("the falling peak moved as the clock stepped back")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpectrumPeaksFallInWholeFrames(t *testing.T) {
+	clk, levels := newClock(), []float64{1}
+	tt := view(200, 400, clk, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		chart.SpectrumBars(c, "Peaks", levels, chart.SpectrumBarsOptions{Segments: 100})
+	})
+	levels[0] = 0
+	tt.Frame()
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for range 7 {
+		seen[string(tt.Image().Pix)] = true
+		clk.t = clk.t.Add(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+	}
+	// S5: 60 ms holds two pictures at most.
+	if len(seen) > 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("%d pictures in 60 ms", len(seen))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/chart/legend.go b/chart/legend.go
index fb7f253..50d5628 100644
--- a/chart/legend.go
+++ b/chart/legend.go
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ func Legend(c *ui.Context, text string, series []Series, hidden []bool, o Legend
 		for i, s := range series {
 			shown := !hidden[i]
 			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, &shown).Label(s.Name).Disabled(o.Disabled) })
-			if base.Changed() {
+			// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+			if base.Changed() && !base.IsDisabled() {
 				hidden[i], res.Changed = !shown, true
 				slog.Debug("8bit: legend", "label", text, "series", s.Name, "shown", shown)
 			}
+			shown = !hidden[i]
 			ink := pick(s.Slot, i)
 			shell.Size(k.D(10+pixel.Measure(s.Name)), k.D(pixel.LineHeight)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 				g := k.Canvas(p, r)
diff --git a/chart/spectrumbars.go b/chart/spectrumbars.go
index 1490ade..4fa730b 100644
--- a/chart/spectrumbars.go
+++ b/chart/spectrumbars.go
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ func SpectrumBars(c *ui.Context, text string, levels []float64, o SpectrumBarsOp
 	if len(pk.at) != len(levels) {
 		pk.at = append([]float64(nil), levels...)
 	}
-	now := k.Now()
-	// A peak falls a bar a second; reduced, it rests.
-	fall := now.Sub(pk.last).Seconds()
+	// Peaks fall a bar a second, stepped; reduced, they rest.
+	now := k.Now().Truncate(time.Second / 15)
+	fall := max(0, now.Sub(pk.last).Seconds())
 	switch {
 	case pk.last.IsZero() || k.Reduce():
 		fall = 1
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func SpectrumBars(c *ui.Context, text string, levels []float64, o SpectrumBarsOp
 		pk.moving = pk.moving || pk.at[i] > l
 	}
 	if pk.moving {
-		k.Tick(c, 20)
+		k.Tick(c, 15)
 	}
 	shown := append([]float64(nil), pk.at...)
 	return e.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
diff --git a/chart/turns_test.go b/chart/turns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..165be8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chart/turns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package chart_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/chart"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestLegendKeyInAVeilsFirstFrameHidesNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+		hidden, inert := []bool{false, false}, false
+		tt := view(400, 200, newClock(), func(c *ui.Context) {
+			s := pixel.Current(c)
+			s.Inert = inert
+			pixel.Scope(c, s, func() {
+				chart.Legend(c, "Key", []chart.Series{{Name: "HP"}, {Name: "MP"}}, hidden, chart.LegendOptions{})
+			})
+		})
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		inert = veil
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		if hidden[0] == veil {
+			t.Errorf("veiled %v, Space left %v", veil, fmt.Sprint(hidden))
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/chat/callcontrols.go b/chat/callcontrols.go
index adad40c..121d0e9 100644
--- a/chat/callcontrols.go
+++ b/chat/callcontrols.go
@@ -34,15 +34,17 @@ func CallControls(c *ui.Context, text string, muted, camera *bool, o CallControl
 			}
 			g.Finish(st)
 		})
-		return b.Changed() || b.Clicked()
+		// The bases turn before they learn they are off.
+		return (b.Changed() || b.Clicked()) && !b.IsDisabled()
 	}
+	m, cam := *muted, *camera
 	res.Element = ui.Row(c).Gap(k.D(4)).FocusGroup(ui.Horizontal).Role(ui.RoleToolbar).Label(text).Children(func() {
-		if button(func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, muted).Label(k.Msg("mute")) }, icon.Mic, pixel.Face, pixel.Ink, *muted) {
-			res.Changed = true
+		if button(func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, &m).Label(k.Msg("mute")) }, icon.Mic, pixel.Face, pixel.Ink, *muted) {
+			*muted, res.Changed = m, true
 			slog.Debug("8bit: call mute", "label", text, "muted", *muted)
 		}
-		if button(func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, camera).Label(k.Msg("camera")) }, icon.Camera, pixel.Face, pixel.Ink, !*camera) {
-			res.Changed = true
+		if button(func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, &cam).Label(k.Msg("camera")) }, icon.Camera, pixel.Face, pixel.Ink, !*camera) {
+			*camera, res.Changed = cam, true
 			slog.Debug("8bit: call camera", "label", text, "on", *camera)
 		}
 		if button(func() *ui.Element { return ui.ButtonBase(c).Label(k.Msg("hang_up")) }, icon.Phone, pixel.Bad, pixel.AccentInk, false) {
diff --git a/chat/reactions.go b/chat/reactions.go
index 73e6e53..f9a1208 100644
--- a/chat/reactions.go
+++ b/chat/reactions.go
@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@ func Reactions(c *ui.Context, text string, rs []Reaction, o ReactionsOptions) Re
 				panic(fmt.Sprintf("chat: reaction %q counts %d, mine %v", r.Emoji, r.Count, r.Mine))
 			}
 			art := emoji(r.Emoji)
+			// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+			v := r.Mine
 			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-				return ui.ToggleBase(c, &r.Mine).Label(fmt.Sprintf("%s %d", r.Emoji, r.Count)).Disabled(o.Disabled).FocusRing(false)
+				return ui.ToggleBase(c, &v).Label(fmt.Sprintf("%s %d", r.Emoji, r.Count)).Disabled(o.Disabled).FocusRing(false)
 			})
-			if base.Changed() {
+			if v != r.Mine && !base.IsDisabled() {
+				r.Mine = v
 				if r.Mine {
 					r.Count++
 				} else {
diff --git a/chat/turns_test.go b/chat/turns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb328a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chat/turns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package chat_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/chat"
+)
+
+func TestKeysInAVeilsFirstFrameTurnNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]func(c *ui.Context, v *string){
+		"Reactions": func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			rs := []chat.Reaction{{Emoji: "love", Count: 1}}
+			fmt.Sscan(*v, &rs[0].Count)
+			chat.Reactions(c, "Reactions", rs, chat.ReactionsOptions{})
+			*v = fmt.Sprint(rs[0].Count)
+		},
+		"CallControls": func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			muted := *v == "true"
+			chat.CallControls(c, "Call", &muted, new(bool), chat.CallControlsOptions{})
+			*v = fmt.Sprint(muted)
+		},
+	}
+	for name, build := range cases {
+		for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+			start := map[string]string{"Reactions": "1", "CallControls": "false"}[name]
+			v, wd := start, &world{clk: newClock()}
+			tt := view(400, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { build(c, &v) })
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+			wd.inert = veil
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+			if (v != start) == veil {
+				t.Errorf("%s: veiled %v, Space made %s", name, veil, v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComposerSendsNothingInAVeilsFirstFrame(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+		draft, sent, wd := "", "", &world{clk: newClock()}
+		tt := view(400, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) {
+			if r := chat.Composer(c, "Say", &draft, chat.ComposerOptions{}); r.Sent != "" {
+				sent = r.Sent
+			}
+		})
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		tt.Type("hi")
+		wd.inert = veil
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+		if (sent == "hi") == veil {
+			t.Errorf("veiled %v, Enter sent %q", veil, sent)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/code/clock_back_test.go b/code/clock_back_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86b0817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/code/clock_back_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package code_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/code"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestSpriteSheetHoldsAFrameWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	wd, frame, playing := newWorld(), 0, true
+	sp := pixel.MustSprite("#\n\na")
+	tt := view(300, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { code.SpriteSheet(c, "Frames", sp, &frame, &playing, code.SpriteSheetOptions{}) })
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(-200 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Frame()
+	if frame < 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("frame %d", frame)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/code/codeblock.go b/code/codeblock.go
index 9a8b04a..fbb1551 100644
--- a/code/codeblock.go
+++ b/code/codeblock.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func CodeBlock(c *ui.Context, text, src string, o CodeBlockOptions) CodeBlockRes
 			at := ui.Local(e, copiedKey{}, func() time.Time { return time.Time{} })
 			// The button says COPIED! for two seconds.
 			label := k.Msg("copy")
-			if k.Since(c, *at, 1, 2) < 2 {
+			if k.Since(c, *at, 4, 8) < 8 {
 				label = k.Msg("copied")
 			}
 			e.Children(func() {
diff --git a/code/glyphmap.go b/code/glyphmap.go
index 60adb81..edd39c2 100644
--- a/code/glyphmap.go
+++ b/code/glyphmap.go
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ func GlyphMap(c *ui.Context, text string, at *rune, o GlyphMapOptions) GlyphMapR
 		*at = page + rune(cur)
 		// PageUp and PageDown turn a page, keeping the column.
 		if !base.IsDisabled() {
-			if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyPageUp) && *at >= 128 {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyPageUp) && *at >= 128 {
 				*at -= 128
 			}
-			if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyPageDown) && *at+128 <= unicode.MaxRune {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyPageDown) && *at+128 <= unicode.MaxRune {
 				*at += 128
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/code/spritesheet.go b/code/spritesheet.go
index 1a7c747..68d941e 100644
--- a/code/spritesheet.go
+++ b/code/spritesheet.go
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func SpriteSheet(c *ui.Context, text string, sp *pixel.Sprite, frame *int, playi
 	}
 	if *playing {
 		per := time.Second / time.Duration(fps)
-		m := int(k.Now().Sub(sh.since) / per)
+		m := int(k.Elapsed(&sh.since) / per)
 		*frame = (sh.from + m) % n
 		k.At(c, sh.since.Add(time.Duration(m+1)*per))
 	}
diff --git a/code/terminal.go b/code/terminal.go
index 5b31e34..d6d23db 100644
--- a/code/terminal.go
+++ b/code/terminal.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func Terminal(c *ui.Context, text string, lines []string, input *string, o Termi
 				}
 			})
 			// Up and Down are history here, taken from the editor.
-			if up, down := row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp), row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown); (up || down) && !off {
+			if up, down := pixel.Shortcut(row, 0, ui.KeyUp), pixel.Shortcut(row, 0, ui.KeyDown); (up || down) && !off {
 				res.Changed = recall(tm, input, up) || res.Changed
 			}
 		})
diff --git a/data/carousel.go b/data/carousel.go
index b55859f..9b09096 100644
--- a/data/carousel.go
+++ b/data/carousel.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func Carousel(c *ui.Context, text string, pages int, page *int, o CarouselOption
 	wait := every == 0 || o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert || k.Reduce() || col.Hovered() || col.FocusWithin()
 	if wait {
 		*since = k.Now()
-	} else if k.Since(c, *since, 1, every) == every {
+	} else if k.Since(c, *since, 4, 4*every) == 4*every {
 		turn(1)
 	}
 	col.Children(func() {
diff --git a/data/collapsible.go b/data/collapsible.go
index 1ad3e6e..94987a1 100644
--- a/data/collapsible.go
+++ b/data/collapsible.go
@@ -23,10 +23,14 @@ func Collapsible(c *ui.Context, title string, open *bool, o CollapsibleOptions,
 	col := ui.Column(c).AlignItems(ui.Stretch)
 	res := CollapsibleResult{Element: col}
 	col.Children(func() {
+		// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+		v := *open
 		shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-			return ui.CollapsibleBase(c, open).Trigger.Label(title).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+			return ui.CollapsibleBase(c, &v).Trigger.Label(title).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 		})
-		res.Changed = base.Changed()
+		if res.Changed = v != *open && !base.IsDisabled(); res.Changed {
+			*open = v
+		}
 		shown := *open
 		shell.Height(k.D(pixel.LineHeight + 6)).MinWidth(k.D(pixel.Measure(title) + 20)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			g := k.Canvas(p, r)
diff --git a/data/gridview.go b/data/gridview.go
index 3060095..65a5d06 100644
--- a/data/gridview.go
+++ b/data/gridview.go
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ func GridView(c *ui.Context, text string, n int, selected *int, o GridViewOption
 		{ui.KeyLeft, old - 1}, {ui.KeyRight, old + 1}, {ui.KeyUp, old - cols}, {ui.KeyDown, old + cols},
 		{ui.KeyHome, 0}, {ui.KeyEnd, n - 1},
 	} {
-		if box.Shortcut(0, m.key) && m.to >= 0 && m.to < n {
+		// The grid stays enabled, so off is checked here.
+		if !off && pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, m.key) && m.to >= 0 && m.to < n {
 			*selected = m.to
 		}
 	}
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func GridView(c *ui.Context, text string, n int, selected *int, o GridViewOption
 		res.Changed = true
 		s.rows.ScrollIntoView(*selected / cols)
 	}
-	if box.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) {
+	if !off && pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, ui.KeyEnter) {
 		res.Submitted = true
 	}
 	if off {
diff --git a/data/outline.go b/data/outline.go
index d4dfebe..05f0833 100644
--- a/data/outline.go
+++ b/data/outline.go
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func Outline[K comparable](c *ui.Context, text string, roots []K, children func(
 				pixel.Text(c, label(r.key), pixel.TextOptions{Slot: ink})
 			})
 		})).Height(k.D(pixel.Or("Outline Height", o.Height, 140))).Label(text)
-		right, left := e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight), e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft)
+		right, left := pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyRight), pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyLeft)
 		if (right || left) && st.at >= 0 && !off {
 			at, toggled := steer(rows, st.at, st.opened, right)
 			if toggled {
diff --git a/data/sortable.go b/data/sortable.go
index 8f6e448..feffa83 100644
--- a/data/sortable.go
+++ b/data/sortable.go
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ func Sortable(c *ui.Context, text string, items *[]string, o SortableOptions) So
 		*items = slices.Insert(slices.Delete(*items, from, from+1), to, it)
 		s.cur, res.Changed = to, true
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		s.cur = min(s.cur+1, n-1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		s.cur = max(s.cur-1, 0)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(ui.Alt, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, ui.Alt, ui.KeyDown) {
 		move(s.cur, s.cur+1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(ui.Alt, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, ui.Alt, ui.KeyUp) {
 		move(s.cur, s.cur-1)
 	}
 	// A press takes a row; dragging carries it.
diff --git a/data/tree.go b/data/tree.go
index 2174656..74a01ec 100644
--- a/data/tree.go
+++ b/data/tree.go
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ func Tree(c *ui.Context, text string, roots []TreeNode, selected *string, o Tree
 	if len(rows) == 0 {
 		return TreeResult{Element: shell}
 	}
-	at := 0
+	// An unknown choice stays, unlit, until a key or click.
+	at := -1
 	for i, r := range rows {
 		if r.key == *selected {
 			at = i
@@ -79,23 +80,23 @@ func Tree(c *ui.Context, text string, roots []TreeNode, selected *string, o Tree
 	}
 	old := *selected
 	res := TreeResult{Element: shell}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		at = min(at+1, len(rows)-1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		at = max(at-1, 0)
 	}
-	right, left := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft)
-	if right || left {
+	right, left := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft)
+	if (right || left) && at >= 0 {
 		at, res.Toggled = steer(rows, at, *opened, right)
 	}
-	enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	toggle := func(i int) {
 		if key := rows[i].key; rows[i].branch {
 			(*opened)[key], res.Toggled = !(*opened)[key], true
 		}
 	}
-	if enter || space {
+	if (enter || space) && at >= 0 {
 		toggle(at)
 	}
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
@@ -112,7 +113,9 @@ func Tree(c *ui.Context, text string, roots []TreeNode, selected *string, o Tree
 		rows = flatten(tops, children, *opened)
 		at = min(at, len(rows)-1)
 	}
-	*selected = rows[at].key
+	if at >= 0 {
+		*selected = rows[at].key
+	}
 	res.Changed = *selected != old
 	base.Description(strings.TrimSpace(nodes[*selected].Label + " " + nodes[*selected].Value))
 	shown := rows
diff --git a/data/turns_test.go b/data/turns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cde925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/turns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package data_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/data"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestCollapsibleKeyInAVeilsFirstFrameOpensNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+		open, inert := false, false
+		tt := underVeil(&inert, func(c *ui.Context) {
+			data.Collapsible(c, "Quests", &open, data.CollapsibleOptions{}, func() { pixel.Text(c, "Slay", pixel.TextOptions{}) })
+		})
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		inert = veil
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		if open == veil {
+			t.Errorf("veiled %v, Space left it open %v", veil, open)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/data/veil_input_test.go b/data/veil_input_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f10503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/veil_input_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package data_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/data"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/icon"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+// underVeil builds fn where the test raises a veil.
+func underVeil(inert *bool, fn func(c *ui.Context)) *ui.Tester {
+	return view(400, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = *inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() { fn(c) })
+	})
+}
+
+var tree = []data.TreeNode{{Label: "Maps", Children: []data.TreeNode{{Label: "Cave"}}}, {Label: "Saves"}}
+
+func TestVeilsStopKeysInTheirFirstFrame(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
+		build func(c *ui.Context, v *string)
+		mods  ui.Modifiers
+		key   ui.Key
+	}{
+		"Sortable": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			items := []string{"A", "B", "C"}
+			if r := data.Sortable(c, "List", &items, data.SortableOptions{}); r.Changed {
+				*v = fmt.Sprint(items)
+			}
+		}, ui.Alt, ui.KeyDown},
+		"Tree": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string) { data.Tree(c, "Files", tree, v, data.TreeOptions{}) }, 0, ui.KeyDown},
+		"Inventory": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			at := 0
+			fmt.Sscan(*v, &at)
+			bag := []data.Item{{Sprite: icon.Sword, Name: "Sword"}, {Sprite: icon.Gem, Name: "Gem"}}
+			data.Inventory(c, "Bag", bag, &at, data.InventoryOptions{})
+			*v = fmt.Sprint(at)
+		}, 0, ui.KeyRight},
+	} {
+		v, inert := "0", false
+		tt := underVeil(&inert, func(c *ui.Context) { tc.build(c, &v) })
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		inert = true
+		tt.Key(tc.mods, tc.key)
+		if v != "0" {
+			t.Errorf("%s: a key in the veil's first frame made %s", name, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDragsStopUnderAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	items, inert := []string{"A", "B", "C"}, false
+	tt := underVeil(&inert, func(c *ui.Context) { data.Sortable(c, "List", &items, data.SortableOptions{}) })
+	r := find(t, tt, "List")
+	row := r.H / 3
+	tt.Press(r.X+10, r.Y+row/2)
+	tt.Move(r.X+10, r.Y+row*3/2)
+	moved := fmt.Sprint(items)
+	inert = true
+	tt.Move(r.X+10, r.Y+row*5/2)
+	tt.Release(r.X+10, r.Y+row*5/2)
+	if moved != "[B A C]" || fmt.Sprint(items) != moved {
+		t.Errorf("Sortable: %s before the veil, %v under it", moved, items)
+	}
+	bag, at := []data.Item{{Sprite: icon.Sword, Name: "Sword"}, {Sprite: icon.Gem, Name: "Gem"}}, 0
+	inert = false
+	tt = underVeil(&inert, func(c *ui.Context) { data.Inventory(c, "Bag", bag, &at, data.InventoryOptions{}) })
+	r = find(t, tt, "Bag")
+	tt.Press(r.X+20, r.Y+20)
+	tt.Move(r.X+64, r.Y+20)
+	inert = true
+	tt.Release(r.X+64, r.Y+20)
+	if bag[0].Name != "Sword" {
+		t.Error("Inventory swapped under the veil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTreeLeavesAnUnknownChoiceAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	chosen, changed := "9/9", 0
+	tt := view(400, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if data.Tree(c, "Files", tree, &chosen, data.TreeOptions{}).Changed {
+			changed++
+		}
+	})
+	if chosen != "9/9" || changed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("an unknown choice became %q, %d changes", chosen, changed)
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+	if chosen != "0" || changed != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Down chose %q, %d changes", chosen, changed)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/datetime/analogclock.go b/datetime/analogclock.go
index 5476942..4e57228 100644
--- a/datetime/analogclock.go
+++ b/datetime/analogclock.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package datetime
 
 import (
 	"math"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -17,8 +18,9 @@ type AnalogClockOptions struct {
 func AnalogClock(c *ui.Context, o AnalogClockOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	size := pixel.Or("AnalogClock Size", o.Size, 48)
-	k.Tick(c, 1)
+	// Wake on the next whole second.
 	now := k.Now()
+	k.At(c, now.Truncate(time.Second).Add(time.Second))
 	h, m, s := now.Clock()
 	// hand ends at turn (0–1 from twelve) and length r.
 	hand := func(cx, cy int, turn float64, r int) (int, int) {
diff --git a/datetime/digitalclock.go b/datetime/digitalclock.go
index e84fea3..c5e91b9 100644
--- a/datetime/digitalclock.go
+++ b/datetime/digitalclock.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package datetime
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -21,13 +22,14 @@ func DigitalClock(c *ui.Context, o DigitalClockOptions) *ui.Element {
 	if sc > 4 {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("datetime: DigitalClock Scale %d outside 1–4", sc))
 	}
-	k.Tick(c, 1)
+	// Wake on the next whole second.
 	now := k.Now()
+	k.At(c, now.Truncate(time.Second).Add(time.Second))
 	colon := func() {
 		ui.Box(c).Size(k.D(3*sc), k.D(11*sc)).Role(ui.RoleNone).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 			// The colon blinks each half second, unless reduced.
-			if k.Reduce() || g.Step(2)%2 == 0 {
+			if k.Reduce() || g.Step(4)%4 < 2 {
 				g.Rect(sc, 3*sc, sc, sc, pixel.Bad)
 				g.Rect(sc, 7*sc, sc, sc, pixel.Bad)
 			}
diff --git a/datetime/grid.go b/datetime/grid.go
index c04b6f1..b78859e 100644
--- a/datetime/grid.go
+++ b/datetime/grid.go
@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ func month(c *ui.Context, text string, cur *time.Time, disabled, focus bool, mar
 			{ui.KeyPageUp, addMonths(*cur, -1)}, {ui.KeyPageDown, addMonths(*cur, 1)},
 			{ui.KeyHome, cur.AddDate(0, 0, 1-d)}, {ui.KeyEnd, addMonths(cur.AddDate(0, 0, 1-d), 1).AddDate(0, 0, -1)},
 		} {
-			if base.Shortcut(0, mv.key) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, mv.key) {
 				*cur = mv.to
 			}
 		}
-		enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 		picked = enter || space
 		first := time.Date(y, m, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, cur.Location())
 		first = first.AddDate(0, 0, -int(first.Weekday()))
diff --git a/datetime/seasonwheel.go b/datetime/seasonwheel.go
index 806eb89..548b36f 100644
--- a/datetime/seasonwheel.go
+++ b/datetime/seasonwheel.go
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@ func SeasonWheel(c *ui.Context, text string, season *pixel.Season, o SeasonWheel
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleRadioGroup).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		*season = (*season + 1) % 4
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		*season = (*season + 3) % 4
 	}
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if base.Clicked() {
 		x, y, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 		*season = pixel.Season(quarter(int(x/k.Dot())-wheel/2, int(y/k.Dot())-wheel/2))
diff --git a/datetime/stopwatch.go b/datetime/stopwatch.go
index bd441ff..a26eec4 100644
--- a/datetime/stopwatch.go
+++ b/datetime/stopwatch.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func Stopwatch(c *ui.Context, text string, o StopwatchOptions) StopwatchResult {
 	running := !w.since.IsZero()
 	elapsed := w.banked
 	if running {
-		elapsed += now.Sub(w.since)
+		elapsed += k.Elapsed(&w.since)
 		k.Tick(c, 10)
 	}
 	res := StopwatchResult{Element: col}
diff --git a/datetime/sundial.go b/datetime/sundial.go
index 9bd49e9..cadda74 100644
--- a/datetime/sundial.go
+++ b/datetime/sundial.go
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ func SunDial(c *ui.Context, text string, hour *int, o SunDialOptions) SunDialRes
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleSlider).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) {
 		*hour = (*hour + 23) % 24
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) {
 		*hour = (*hour + 1) % 24
 	}
 	// The width spans the whole day, midnight to midnight.
diff --git a/datetime/taken_keys_test.go b/datetime/taken_keys_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65317da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/datetime/taken_keys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package datetime_test
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/datetime"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestKeysDoNotClickWhereThePointerRests(t *testing.T) {
+	day := time.Date(2026, 10, 12, 9, 30, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
+		build func(c *ui.Context, v *string)
+		// fx is where, across the control, the pointer rests.
+		fx    float32
+		after ui.Key
+	}{
+		"WeekStrip": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			d := day
+			datetime.WeekStrip(c, "Week", &d, datetime.WeekStripOptions{})
+			if !d.Equal(day) {
+				*v = d.Format("Jan 2")
+			}
+		}, 0.95, 0},
+		"SeasonWheel": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			s := pixel.Spring
+			datetime.SeasonWheel(c, "Week", &s, datetime.SeasonWheelOptions{})
+			if s != pixel.Spring {
+				*v = "turned"
+			}
+		}, 0.9, 0},
+		"TimeInput": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			tm := day
+			datetime.TimeInput(c, "Week", &tm, datetime.TimeInputOptions{})
+			// Up after the keys must step the hours.
+			if tm.Minute() != day.Minute() {
+				*v = tm.Format("15:04")
+			}
+		}, 0.9, ui.KeyUp},
+	} {
+		got := ""
+		tt := view(400, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) { tc.build(c, &got) })
+		r := find(t, tt, "Week")
+		tt.Move(r.X+r.W*tc.fx, r.Y+r.H/2)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+		if tc.after != 0 {
+			tt.Key(0, tc.after)
+		}
+		if got != "" {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Space and Enter clicked where the pointer rests: %s", name, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopwatchHoldsWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	clk := newClock()
+	tt := view(400, 200, clk, false, func(c *ui.Context) { datetime.Stopwatch(c, "Watch", datetime.StopwatchOptions{}) })
+	if err := tt.Click("START"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(-1200 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if err := tt.Click("STOP"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(strings.Join(tt.Texts(), " "), "-") {
+		t.Fatalf("a negative time: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/datetime/timeinput.go b/datetime/timeinput.go
index 9d73dca..72a373a 100644
--- a/datetime/timeinput.go
+++ b/datetime/timeinput.go
@@ -47,22 +47,22 @@ func TimeInput(c *ui.Context, text string, tm *time.Time, o TimeInputOptions) Ti
 		}
 		s.first = -1
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		step(1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		step(-1)
 	}
 	for _, mv := range []struct {
 		key ui.Key
 		seg int
 	}{{ui.KeyLeft, 0}, {ui.KeyRight, 1}} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, mv.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, mv.key) {
 			s.seg, s.first = mv.seg, -1
 		}
 	}
 	for d := range 10 {
-		if !base.Shortcut(0, ui.Key0+ui.Key(d)) {
+		if !pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.Key0+ui.Key(d)) {
 			continue
 		}
 		top := 23
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ func TimeInput(c *ui.Context, text string, tm *time.Time, o TimeInputOptions) Ti
 		}
 	}
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if base.Clicked() {
 		x, _, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 		s.seg, s.first = 0, -1
diff --git a/datetime/timer.go b/datetime/timer.go
index d58ef97..cfe160d 100644
--- a/datetime/timer.go
+++ b/datetime/timer.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func Timer(c *ui.Context, text string, set *time.Duration, o TimerOptions) Timer
 		}
 	}
 	// It flashes for three seconds after ringing.
-	flash := !t.rang.IsZero() && now.Sub(t.rang) < 3*time.Second
+	flash := !t.rang.IsZero() && k.Elapsed(&t.rang) < 3*time.Second
 	if flash {
 		k.Tick(c, 4)
 	}
diff --git a/datetime/weekstrip.go b/datetime/weekstrip.go
index fee70f3..2474e99 100644
--- a/datetime/weekstrip.go
+++ b/datetime/weekstrip.go
@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ func WeekStrip(c *ui.Context, text string, date *time.Time, o WeekStripOptions)
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) {
 		*date = date.AddDate(0, 0, -1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) {
 		*date = date.AddDate(0, 0, 1)
 	}
 	first := date.AddDate(0, 0, -int(date.Weekday()))
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if base.Clicked() {
 		x, _, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 		if i := int(x / k.D(dayW)); x >= 0 && i < 7 {
diff --git a/desk/appwindow.go b/desk/appwindow.go
index 98a3895..211e99b 100644
--- a/desk/appwindow.go
+++ b/desk/appwindow.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func AppWindow(c *ui.Context, title string, x, y *int, o AppWindowOptions, conte
 					key    ui.Key
 					dx, dy int
 				}{{ui.KeyLeft, -4, 0}, {ui.KeyRight, 4, 0}, {ui.KeyUp, 0, -4}, {ui.KeyDown, 0, 4}} {
-					if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+					if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 						*x, *y = *x+m.dx, *y+m.dy
 					}
 				}
diff --git a/desk/calculator.go b/desk/calculator.go
index 777dc23..8cf874b 100644
--- a/desk/calculator.go
+++ b/desk/calculator.go
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ func Calculator(c *ui.Context, text string, o CalculatorOptions) CalculatorResul
 		// Digits and signs typed on the keyboard press their keys.
 		if picked < 0 && !base.IsDisabled() && !pixel.Typing(c) {
 			for i := range 10 {
-				if base.Shortcut(0, ui.Key0+ui.Key(i)) {
+				if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.Key0+ui.Key(i)) {
 					picked = indexOf(strconv.Itoa(i))
 				}
 			}
 			for _, s := range signs {
-				if base.Shortcut(s.mods, s.key) {
+				if pixel.Shortcut(base, s.mods, s.key) {
 					picked = indexOf(s.sign)
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/desk/desktopicon.go b/desk/desktopicon.go
index 4f2d2c4..2e98477 100644
--- a/desk/desktopicon.go
+++ b/desk/desktopicon.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func DesktopIcon(c *ui.Context, label string, icon *pixel.Sprite, o DesktopIconO
 	})
 	res := DesktopIconResult{Element: shell}
 	if !base.IsDisabled() {
-		res.Opened = base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) || base.DoubleClicked()
+		res.Opened = pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter) || base.DoubleClicked()
 		res.Clicked = base.Clicked()
 	}
 	if res.Clicked || res.Opened {
diff --git a/desk/minesweeper.go b/desk/minesweeper.go
index b495265..6330b2d 100644
--- a/desk/minesweeper.go
+++ b/desk/minesweeper.go
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func Minesweeper(c *ui.Context, label string, o MinesweeperOptions) MinesweeperR
 		})
 		shell, base, st, picked := pixel.Pad(c, k.Msg("minefield"), cols, cols*rows, mcell, mcell, &f.cur, o.Disabled)
 		if !base.IsDisabled() && !f.over {
-			if !pixel.Typing(c) && base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyF) {
+			if !pixel.Typing(c) && pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyF) {
 				res.Flagged = f.toggle(f.cur)
 			}
 			if base.RightClicked() {
diff --git a/desk/rundialog.go b/desk/rundialog.go
index 8006e4a..1ac1362 100644
--- a/desk/rundialog.go
+++ b/desk/rundialog.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func RunDialog(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, o RunDialogOptions) Ru
 		})
 	})
 	// Escape quits from anywhere inside, as CANCEL does.
-	if !o.Disabled && !pixel.Current(c).Inert && win.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape) {
+	if !o.Disabled && !pixel.Current(c).Inert && pixel.Shortcut(win, 0, ui.KeyEscape) {
 		res.Canceled = true
 	}
 	res.Element = win
diff --git a/desk/snake.go b/desk/snake.go
index d47e39b..ac0b6b2 100644
--- a/desk/snake.go
+++ b/desk/snake.go
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ func Snake(c *ui.Context, text string, o SnakeOptions) SnakeResult {
 			d   [2]int
 		}{{ui.KeyUp, [2]int{0, -1}}, {ui.KeyDown, [2]int{0, 1}}, {ui.KeyLeft, [2]int{-1, 0}}, {ui.KeyRight, [2]int{1, 0}}} {
 			// A turn back onto its own neck is ignored.
-			if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) && m.d != [2]int{-s.dir[0], -s.dir[1]} && !s.dead {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) && m.d != [2]int{-s.dir[0], -s.dir[1]} && !s.dead {
 				res.Started = res.Started || !s.playing
 				s.next, s.playing = m.d, true
 			}
 		}
 		// Enter, Space or a click starts it, or CONTINUEs.
-		enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 		if enter || space || base.Clicked() {
 			if s.dead {
 				s.reset(cols, rows, o.Seed, uint64(k.Now().UnixNano()))
diff --git a/desk/startmenu.go b/desk/startmenu.go
index f17298c..fdb94d8 100644
--- a/desk/startmenu.go
+++ b/desk/startmenu.go
@@ -48,11 +48,8 @@ func StartMenu(c *ui.Context, text string, programs []Program, o StartMenuOption
 	off := o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert
 	b := input.Button(c, k.Msg("start"), input.ButtonOptions{Icon: icon.Gamepad, Label: text, Disabled: o.Disabled})
 	m := ui.Local(b.Element, startKey{}, func() start { return start{} })
+	// START keeps the focus and parks it while off.
 	if off {
-		// Closing on disable must not return focus to it.
-		if m.open {
-			c.Root().Focus()
-		}
 		m.open = false
 	}
 	res := StartMenuResult{Element: b.Element}
@@ -60,7 +57,7 @@ func StartMenu(c *ui.Context, text string, programs []Program, o StartMenuOption
 	switch {
 	case b.Clicked && m.open:
 		m.open = false
-	case b.Clicked, !m.open && !off && b.Element.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp):
+	case b.Clicked, !m.open && !off && pixel.Shortcut(b.Element, 0, ui.KeyUp):
 		m.open, m.path = true, []int{0}
 	}
 	if m.open {
diff --git a/desk/veil_focus_test.go b/desk/veil_focus_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b98795
--- /dev/null
+++ b/desk/veil_focus_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package desk_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/desk"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/icon"
+)
+
+func TestStartMenuGetsFocusBackAfterAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := newWorld()
+	programs := []desk.Program{{Name: "Paint", Icon: icon.File}, {Name: "Notes", Icon: icon.File}}
+	tt := view(400, 300, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { desk.StartMenu(c, "Start", programs, desk.StartMenuOptions{}) })
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyUp)
+	if !tt.HasText("Notes") {
+		t.Fatalf("the menu did not open: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	wd.inert = true
+	tt.Frame()
+	wd.inert = false
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyUp)
+	if !tt.HasText("Notes") {
+		t.Fatal("START did not get its focus back after the veil")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/display/display_test.go b/display/display_test.go
index f8b8b53..8281d0d 100644
--- a/display/display_test.go
+++ b/display/display_test.go
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func TestSpritePlaysAndMirrors(t *testing.T) {
 	sp := pixel.MustSprite("r.\n..\n\n.r\n..")
 	tt := view(100, 100, e, func(c *ui.Context) {
 		ui.Column(c).Children(func() {
-			display.Sprite(c, sp, display.SpriteOptions{FPS: 1, Label: "s"})
+			display.Sprite(c, sp, display.SpriteOptions{FPS: 4, Label: "s"})
 			display.Sprite(c, sp, display.SpriteOptions{Mirror: true, Label: "m"})
 		})
 	})
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func TestSpritePlaysAndMirrors(t *testing.T) {
 	if f0[0] != pixel.Bad || at("m")[1] != pixel.Bad {
 		t.Fatalf("frame 0 %v, mirrored %v", f0, at("m"))
 	}
-	e.clk.t = e.clk.t.Add(time.Second)
+	e.clk.t = e.clk.t.Add(time.Second / 4)
 	tt.Frame()
 	if at("s")[1] != pixel.Bad {
 		t.Fatal("the sprite did not play its second frame")
diff --git a/display/rarityframe.go b/display/rarityframe.go
index 6994e50..69d1a66 100644
--- a/display/rarityframe.go
+++ b/display/rarityframe.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func RarityFrame(c *ui.Context, r Rarity, o RarityFrameOptions, children func())
 			return
 		}
 		per := 2*(g.W+g.H) - 4
-		at := g.Step(20) * 2 % per
+		at := g.Step(10) * 4 % per
 		for i := range 6 {
 			x, y := around(g.W, g.H, (at+i)%per)
 			g.Dot(x, y, pixel.Lit)
diff --git a/display/sprite.go b/display/sprite.go
index 8e019cd..be3bf2c 100644
--- a/display/sprite.go
+++ b/display/sprite.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 type SpriteOptions struct {
 	Slot  pixel.Slot
 	Scale int
-	// FPS plays the frames; zero shows the first.
+	// FPS plays the frames at 4–15; zero shows the first.
 	FPS    int
 	Mirror bool
 	Label  string
diff --git a/display/statusdot.go b/display/statusdot.go
index e0f8c3b..f777481 100644
--- a/display/statusdot.go
+++ b/display/statusdot.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func StatusDot(c *ui.Context, s Status, o StatusDotOptions) *ui.Element {
 	}
 	return art(c, k, label, 7, 7, func(g pixel.Canvas) {
 		g.Disc(3, 3, 3, pixel.Edge)
-		if !(o.Live && s == Online && g.Step(2)%2 == 1) {
+		if !(o.Live && s == Online && g.Step(4)%4 >= 2) {
 			g.Disc(3, 3, 2, statusSlots[s])
 			g.Dot(2, 2, pixel.Lit)
 		}
diff --git a/feedback/clock_back_test.go b/feedback/clock_back_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e2ea5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/feedback/clock_back_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package feedback_test
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/feedback"
+)
+
+func TestCountdownsHoldWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
+		build func(c *ui.Context)
+		start string
+	}{
+		"ContinuePrompt": {func(c *ui.Context) { feedback.ContinuePrompt(c, feedback.ContinuePromptOptions{}) }, "10"},
+		"ErrorState":     {func(c *ui.Context) { feedback.ErrorState(c, "LOST", feedback.ErrorStateOptions{}) }, "9"},
+	} {
+		clk := newClock()
+		tt := view(500, 400, clk, false, tc.build)
+		clk.t = clk.t.Add(-time.Hour)
+		tt.Frame()
+		// The count, a text's last word, never passes its start.
+		start, _ := strconv.Atoi(tc.start)
+		for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+			f := strings.Fields(s)
+			if len(f) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(f[len(f)-1]); err == nil && n > start {
+				t.Errorf("%s counts %d after the clock stepped back", name, n)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastsExpireAfterTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	clk := newClock()
+	queue := []feedback.Toast{{Message: "SAVED"}}
+	tt := view(500, 300, clk, false, func(c *ui.Context) { feedback.Toasts(c, &queue, feedback.ToastsOptions{}) })
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(-time.Hour)
+	tt.Frame()
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(4 * time.Second)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if len(queue) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a toast outlived its three seconds: %d left", len(queue))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/feedback/continueprompt.go b/feedback/continueprompt.go
index be68f96..6b96276 100644
--- a/feedback/continueprompt.go
+++ b/feedback/continueprompt.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func ContinuePrompt(c *ui.Context, o ContinuePromptOptions) ContinuePromptResult
 	n := pixel.Or("ContinuePrompt Seconds", o.Seconds, 10)
 	col := ui.Column(c).Gap(k.D(6)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(k.Msg("continue"))
 	st := ui.Local(col, promptKey{}, func() prompt { return prompt{start: k.Now()} })
-	left := max(0, n-int(k.Now().Sub(st.start)/time.Second))
+	left := max(0, n-max(0, int(k.Now().Sub(st.start)/time.Second)))
 	res := ContinuePromptResult{Element: col}
 	if left == 0 && !st.over {
 		st.over, res.TimedOut = true, true
diff --git a/feedback/shake.go b/feedback/shake.go
index 6c4588f..70a48c1 100644
--- a/feedback/shake.go
+++ b/feedback/shake.go
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ var shakes = [...]int{2, -2, 2, -2, 1, -1, 0}
 func Shake(c *ui.Context, o ShakeOptions, content func()) *ui.Element {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	e := ui.Box(c)
-	dx := shakes[k.Shot(c, e, o.Cue, 20, len(shakes)-1)]
+	dx := shakes[k.Shot(c, e, o.Cue, 15, len(shakes)-1)]
 	return e.Padding(0, k.D(2-dx), 0, k.D(2+dx)).Children(content)
 }
diff --git a/feedback/states.go b/feedback/states.go
index 1dc1323..68041d2 100644
--- a/feedback/states.go
+++ b/feedback/states.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func ErrorState(c *ui.Context, message string, o ErrorStateOptions) ErrorStateRe
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	col := ui.Column(c).Gap(k.D(8)).Padding(k.D(16)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(k.Msg("game_over"))
 	start := ui.Local(col, startKey{}, func() time.Time { return k.Now() })
-	left := max(0, 9-int(k.Now().Sub(*start)/time.Second))
+	left := max(0, 9-max(0, int(k.Now().Sub(*start)/time.Second)))
 	if left > 0 {
 		k.Tick(c, 10)
 	}
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func SuccessState(c *ui.Context, message string, o SuccessStateOptions) *ui.Elem
 	// Stars come four a second; Reduce Motion shows them all.
 	shown := n + 1
 	if !k.Reduce() {
-		shown = min(n+1, int(k.Now().Sub(*start)*4/time.Second))
+		shown = min(n+1, max(0, int(k.Now().Sub(*start)*4/time.Second)))
 		if shown <= n {
 			k.Tick(c, 8)
 		}
diff --git a/feedback/toasts.go b/feedback/toasts.go
index e8bac30..1c32c64 100644
--- a/feedback/toasts.go
+++ b/feedback/toasts.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func Toasts(c *ui.Context, queue *[]Toast, o ToastsOptions) ToastsResult {
 		if life == 0 {
 			life = 3 * time.Second
 		}
-		if t.shown.IsZero() || now.Sub(t.shown) < life {
+		if t.shown.IsZero() || k.Elapsed(&t.shown) < life {
 			kept = append(kept, t)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/files/sharepanel.go b/files/sharepanel.go
index 8e29f17..f74479e 100644
--- a/files/sharepanel.go
+++ b/files/sharepanel.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func SharePanel(c *ui.Context, text, link string, access *Access, o SharePanelOp
 			at := ui.Local(e, shareKey{}, func() time.Time { return time.Time{} })
 			// The button says COPIED! for two seconds.
 			label := k.Msg("copy")
-			if k.Since(c, *at, 1, 2) < 2 {
+			if k.Since(c, *at, 4, 8) < 8 {
 				label = k.Msg("copied")
 			}
 			e.Children(func() {
diff --git a/fx/palettecycle.go b/fx/palettecycle.go
index a5034cd..7e899f8 100644
--- a/fx/palettecycle.go
+++ b/fx/palettecycle.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type PaletteCycleOptions struct {
-	// FPS is steps a second; zero means 8.
+	// FPS is 4–15 steps a second; zero means 8.
 	FPS int
 	// Slot inks the sprite's # dots.
 	Slot  pixel.Slot
diff --git a/gallery/app.go b/gallery/app.go
index 85b8069..333c403 100644
--- a/gallery/app.go
+++ b/gallery/app.go
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ func (a *App) step(d int) {
 // logger records a demo's events for the log panel.
 func (a *App) logger(e Entry) func(string) {
 	return func(ev string) {
-		slog.Debug("8bit: demo", "entry", e.Slug(), "event", ev)
+		// The panel shows what was typed; logs never do.
+		slog.Debug("8bit: demo", "entry", e.Slug())
 		l := append(a.logs[e.Slug()], ev)
 		a.logs[e.Slug()] = l[max(0, len(l)-8):]
 	}
diff --git a/gallery/chat_log_test.go b/gallery/chat_log_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3275ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/chat_log_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestChatDemosLogNoTypedText(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ path, field string }{{"/c/323-composer", "Message"}, {"/c/329-mentioninput", "Mention"}} {
+		a, tt := open(tc.path)
+		click(t, tt, tc.field)
+		tt.Type("xyzzy")
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+		logs := a.logs[tc.path[3:]]
+		if len(logs) == 0 || strings.Contains(strings.Join(logs, "\n"), "xyzzy") {
+			t.Errorf("%s logged %q", tc.path, logs)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPaletteInUseSpeaksTheLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	a, tt := open("/")
+	click(t, tt, "language")
+	if a.locale != pixel.Zh {
+		t.Fatal("no Chinese")
+	}
+	name := pixel.Palettes[a.palette].Name + ", 使用中"
+	if _, ok := tt.Find(name); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("no %q in %q", name, tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/gallery/chrome.go b/gallery/chrome.go
index 40da1fd..bb15d52 100644
--- a/gallery/chrome.go
+++ b/gallery/chrome.go
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func (a *App) sidebar(c *ui.Context) {
 }
 
 func (a *App) statusBar(c *ui.Context) {
-	layout.StatusBar(c, "/ search · P palette · [ ] prev next", fmt.Sprintf("%d entries", len(Entries())))
+	layout.StatusBar(c, []string{"/ search · P palette · [ ] prev next", fmt.Sprintf("%d entries", len(Entries()))}, layout.StatusBarOptions{})
 }
 
 // press is a custom-drawn chrome tile; true when clicked.
diff --git a/gallery/clock_back_test.go b/gallery/clock_back_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9202260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/clock_back_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestDemosSurviveTheClockSteppingBack(t *testing.T) {
+	negative := regexp.MustCompile(`(^|[\s(:])-\d`)
+	for _, e := range Entries() {
+		at := time.Date(2026, 10, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+			ui.Column(c).Fill().Children(func() { e.Demo(c, func(string) {}) })
+		}, 640, 480)
+		// Press up to three buttons, run, then fall back.
+		for _, b := range buttons(tt, 3) {
+			if r, ok := tt.Find(b); ok {
+				tt.ClickAt(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2)
+			}
+		}
+		at = at.Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+		// Negative numbers shown before are content, not faults.
+		before := map[string]bool{}
+		for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+			before[s] = true
+		}
+		for _, d := range []time.Duration{-time.Hour, 300 * time.Millisecond} {
+			at = at.Add(d)
+			tt.Frame()
+		}
+		for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+			if negative.MatchString(s) && !before[s] {
+				t.Errorf("%s shows %q after the clock stepped back", e.Slug(), s)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// buttons names up to n pressable words on screen.
+func buttons(tt *ui.Tester, n int) []string {
+	var out []string
+	for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+		if len(out) < n && len(s) > 1 && s == upper(s) && strings.ContainsAny(s, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ") {
+			out = append(out, s)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func upper(s string) string {
+	b := []byte(s)
+	for i, c := range b {
+		if c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' {
+			b[i] = c - 32
+		}
+	}
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+func TestPlayingMediaSurvivesTheClockSteppingBack(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, slug := range []string{"346-audioplayer", "353-cassette", "360-videoframe"} {
+		e, _ := find(slug)
+		at := time.Date(2026, 10, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+			ui.Column(c).Fill().Children(func() { e.Demo(c, func(string) {}) })
+		}, 640, 480)
+		if err := tt.Click("PLAY"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", slug, err)
+		}
+		for _, d := range []time.Duration{500 * time.Millisecond, -time.Second, 200 * time.Millisecond} {
+			at = at.Add(d)
+			tt.Frame()
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/gallery/demo_slog_test.go b/gallery/demo_slog_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1bdbfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/demo_slog_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func TestDemoEventsKeepTypedTextOutOfLogs(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	prev := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	defer slog.SetDefault(prev)
+	// A wrong vault code: four digits, then WRONG CODE.
+	a, tt := open("/c/094-pininput")
+	click(t, tt, "Vault code")
+	tt.Type("9876")
+	shown := strings.Join(a.logs["094-pininput"], "\n")
+	if !strings.Contains(shown, "WRONG CODE") || !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "8bit: demo") {
+		t.Fatalf("no demo event logged: %q", shown)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(buf.String(), "9876") || strings.Contains(shown, "9876") {
+		t.Fatalf("the code reached a log: %q", shown)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDemoPanelsShowWhatLogsDoNot(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	prev := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	defer slog.SetDefault(prev)
+	a, tt := open("/c/099-editabletext")
+	click(t, tt, "Hero name")
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	tt.Type("Zork")
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	shown := strings.Join(a.logs["099-editabletext"], "\n")
+	if !strings.Contains(shown, "Zork") || strings.Contains(buf.String(), "Zork") {
+		t.Fatalf("panel %q; the log has the name: %v", shown, strings.Contains(buf.String(), "Zork"))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/gallery/demos_chart.go b/gallery/demos_chart.go
index dffc363..95e32e3 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_chart.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_chart.go
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ var chartEntries = []Entry{
 	{225, "Histogram", "直方图", "chart", "Damage rolls in bins. ROLL throws ten more.", demoHistogram},
 	{226, "ScatterPlot", "散点图", "chart", "Every hit by distance and damage, one 2×2 dot each.", demoScatterPlot},
 	{227, "BubbleChart", "气泡图", "chart", "Towns by trade and danger, sized by how many live there.", demoBubbleChart},
-	{228, "Heatmap", "热力图", "chart", "Raids by day and hour. Hot cells dither red.", demoHeatmap},
-	{229, "CalendarHeatmap", "日历热力图", "chart", "A year of play, a square a day. A commit graph for slimes.", demoCalendarHeatmap},
+	{228, "Heatmap", "密度图", "chart", "Raids by day and hour. Hot cells dither red.", demoHeatmap},
+	{229, "CalendarHeatmap", "日历密度图", "chart", "A year of play, a square a day. A commit graph for slimes.", demoCalendarHeatmap},
 	{230, "Gauge", "仪表", "chart", "Push the throttle; the needle follows.", demoGauge},
 }
 
diff --git a/gallery/demos_chat.go b/gallery/demos_chat.go
index 1dc55eb..37a0990 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_chat.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_chat.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package gallery
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ var chatEntries = []Entry{
 	{323, "Composer", "输入栏", "chat", "Enter sends, Shift+Enter breaks the line. SEND ▶ works too.", demoComposer},
 	{324, "TypingIndicator", "正在输入", "chat", "Three dots hop while someone types. Suspense!", demoTypingIndicator},
 	{325, "ChatList", "会话列表", "chat", "Who said what last, and how much you missed.", demoChatList},
-	{326, "ReadReceipt", "已读回执", "chat", "One check: sent. Two checks: seen. No excuses.", demoReadReceipt},
+	{326, "ReadReceipt", "已读标记", "chat", "One check: sent. Two checks: seen. No excuses.", demoReadReceipt},
 	{327, "Reactions", "表情回应", "chat", "Click a chip to add your face to the pile, again to take it back.", demoReactions},
 	{328, "EmojiPicker", "表情选择", "chat", "Faces, the world and loot, eight to a row.", demoEmojiPicker},
 	{329, "MentionInput", "提及输入", "chat", "Type @ and a few letters; Tab finishes the name.", demoMentionInput},
@@ -92,10 +93,11 @@ func demoComposer(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	s := chatState(c)
 	r := chat.Composer(c, "Message", &s.draft, chat.ComposerOptions{Placeholder: "Say something…"})
 	if r.Changed {
-		log(fmt.Sprintf("draft %q", s.draft))
+		log(fmt.Sprintf("draft of %d letters", utf8.RuneCountInString(s.draft)))
 	}
+	// Counts, not words: logs never hold what was typed.
 	if r.Sent != "" {
-		log("sent: " + r.Sent)
+		log(fmt.Sprintf("sent %d letters", utf8.RuneCountInString(r.Sent)))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -149,13 +151,13 @@ func demoMentionInput(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	s := chatState(c)
 	r := chat.MentionInput(c, "Mention", &s.mention, []string{"Aria", "Arthur", "Brom", "Mittens"}, chat.MentionInputOptions{Placeholder: "Try @ar"})
 	if r.Changed {
-		log(fmt.Sprintf("text %q", s.mention))
+		log(fmt.Sprintf("text of %d letters", utf8.RuneCountInString(s.mention)))
 	}
 	if r.Mentioned != "" {
 		log("mentioned " + r.Mentioned)
 	}
 	if r.Submitted {
-		log("sent: " + s.mention)
+		log(fmt.Sprintf("sent %d letters", utf8.RuneCountInString(s.mention)))
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/gallery/demos_code.go b/gallery/demos_code.go
index b017d86..e423d5d 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_code.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_code.go
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func demoFPSMeter(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 		}
 	}
 	if !k.Reduce() {
-		if t := k.Tick(c, 12); s.last.IsZero() || k.Now().Sub(s.last) >= time.Second/12 {
+		if t := k.Tick(c, 12); s.last.IsZero() || k.Elapsed(&s.last) >= time.Second/12 {
 			s.last = k.Now()
 			add(t)
 		}
diff --git a/gallery/demos_controls.go b/gallery/demos_controls.go
index 623f652..426e1d0 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_controls.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_controls.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ var controlEntries = []Entry{
 	{90, "TokenField", "标记输入", "input", "Tags before the caret. Enter or a comma adds; Backspace on empty takes the last back.", demoTokenField},
 	{91, "Segmented", "分段控件", "input", "Joined segments, one lit. Arrows move the light.", demoSegmented},
 	{92, "Rating", "评分", "input", "Stars or hearts. Click or arrows to rate; click the same mark to clear.", demoRating},
-	{93, "Knob", "旋钮", "input", "A rotary knob that clicks through 16 angles. Drag up or down, or use the arrows.", demoKnob},
+	{93, "Knob", "转钮", "input", "A rotary knob that clicks through 16 angles. Drag up or down, or use the arrows.", demoKnob},
 	{94, "PinInput", "验证码", "input", "One box per digit: typing moves on, Backspace steps back, paste fills them all.", demoPinInput},
 	{95, "NameEntry", "姓名登记", "input", "HIGH SCORE! Three initials from the letter grid, then END.", demoNameEntry},
 	{96, "VirtualKeyboard", "屏幕键盘", "input", "A keyboard on screen, for pads and touch: letters, digits, space, erase, enter.", demoVirtualKeyboard},
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ var controlEntries = []Entry{
 	{100, "Field", "表单项", "input", "A label above, a hint below, and a red ! when something is wrong.", demoField},
 	{101, "Fieldset", "字段组", "input", "A framed group of fields under a legend.", demoFieldset},
 	{102, "ColorSlot", "色槽选择", "input", "Pick one of the sixteen palette slots. It follows the palette.", demoColorSlot},
-	{103, "Joystick", "摇杆", "input", "Drag the stick inside its ring; it springs home. Arrows nudge it.", demoJoystick},
+	{103, "Joystick", "操作杆", "input", "Drag the stick inside its ring; it springs home. Arrows nudge it.", demoJoystick},
 	{104, "CheatCode", "秘籍", "input", "Focus it and enter ↑↑↓↓←→←→BA. You know the one.", demoCheatCode},
-	{105, "SlotPicker", "滚轮选择", "input", "Reels that spin by drag, wheel or arrows. Line up three for the jackpot.", demoSlotPicker},
+	{105, "SlotPicker", "转轮选择", "input", "Reels that spin by drag, wheel or arrows. Line up three for the jackpot.", demoSlotPicker},
 }
 
 type controlDemo struct {
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func demoPinInput(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 		if s.pin == "0451" {
 			log("ACCESS GRANTED")
 		} else {
-			log("WRONG CODE " + s.pin)
+			log("WRONG CODE")
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/gallery/demos_desk.go b/gallery/demos_desk.go
index d177581..94ecb52 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_desk.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_desk.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ var deskEntries = []Entry{
 	{467, "DesktopIcon", "桌面图标", "desk", "Click to choose and it inverts; double-click or Enter opens it.", demoDesktopIcon},
 	{468, "Taskbar", "任务栏", "desk", "START, a button for each open window, the tray and the clock.", demoTaskbar},
 	{469, "StartMenu", "开始菜单", "desk", "Programs in cascading menus. Arrows walk in and out; Enter runs one.", demoStartMenu},
-	{470, "AppWindow", "应用窗口", "desk", "Drag a window by its title bar, or focus the bar and use the arrows.", demoAppWindow},
+	{470, "AppWindow", "应用框体", "desk", "Drag a window by its title bar, or focus the bar and use the arrows.", demoAppWindow},
 	{471, "Calculator", "计算器", "desk", "It really adds up. Divide by zero for a GAME OVER; C continues.", demoCalculator},
 	{472, "Notepad", "记事本", "desk", "A text area under FILE and EDIT. TIME/DATE stamps the moment.", demoNotepad},
 	{473, "Minesweeper", "扫雷", "desk", "Open with a click or Enter, flag with a right click or F. The face starts over.", demoMinesweeper},
diff --git a/gallery/demos_display.go b/gallery/demos_display.go
index 906c9e6..2c0e51e 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_display.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_display.go
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ var displayEntries = []Entry{
 	{43, "Picture", "像素图", "display", "Any image reduced to the palette with Bayer dither. Press P: it recolors.", demoPicture},
 	{44, "Avatar", "头像", "display", "A face built from a name: skin, hair, eyes, mouth and background.", demoAvatar},
 	{45, "AvatarGroup", "头像组", "display", "Overlapping faces and a chip for the rest.", demoAvatarGroup},
-	{46, "Badge", "徽标", "display", "A count or a word in a notched pill; counts stop at 99+.", demoBadge},
+	{46, "Badge", "角标", "display", "A count or a word in a notched pill; counts stop at 99+.", demoBadge},
 	{47, "Tag", "标签", "display", "A chip with text, an icon and a remove box.", demoTag},
 	{48, "StatusDot", "状态点", "display", "Online, away, busy or offline; a live online dot blinks.", demoStatusDot},
-	{49, "Medal", "奖牌", "display", "Gold, silver and bronze on ribbons, rank on the face.", demoMedal},
-	{50, "Trophy", "奖杯", "display", "A gold cup over an engraved plaque.", demoTrophy},
+	{49, "Medal", "勋章", "display", "Gold, silver and bronze on ribbons, rank on the face.", demoMedal},
+	{50, "Trophy", "金杯", "display", "A gold cup over an engraved plaque.", demoTrophy},
 	{51, "Stat", "数据", "display", "A big value, its label and a change up or down.", demoStat},
 	{52, "KeyValue", "键值", "display", "A label and a value joined by a dotted leader.", demoKeyValue},
 	{53, "Portrait", "立绘框", "display", "A character in a frame over a nameplate.", demoPortrait},
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ func demoIcon(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 func demoSprite(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	ui.Row(c).Gap(k.D(12)).Children(func() {
-		display.Sprite(c, slime, display.SpriteOptions{Scale: 3, FPS: 2, Label: "slime"})
-		display.Sprite(c, slime, display.SpriteOptions{Scale: 3, FPS: 2, Mirror: true, Label: "slime, mirrored"})
+		display.Sprite(c, slime, display.SpriteOptions{Scale: 3, FPS: 4, Label: "slime"})
+		display.Sprite(c, slime, display.SpriteOptions{Scale: 3, FPS: 4, Mirror: true, Label: "slime, mirrored"})
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/gallery/demos_feedback.go b/gallery/demos_feedback.go
index e5b70bd..67377ae 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_feedback.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_feedback.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 var feedbackEntries = []Entry{
 	{106, "Progress", "进度条", "feedback", "A bar that fills chunk by chunk. Below zero, a block runs back and forth.", demoProgress},
-	{107, "Spinner", "旋转器", "feedback", "Eight frames of beads going round. It keeps turning under Reduce Motion: it means work.", demoSpinner},
+	{107, "Spinner", "转圈器", "feedback", "Eight frames of beads going round. It keeps turning under Reduce Motion: it means work.", demoSpinner},
 	{108, "Meter", "计量条", "feedback", "A level that turns Warn past a mark and Bad past the next.", demoMeter},
 	{109, "Skeleton", "骨架屏", "feedback", "Dithered stand-ins with a shine sweeping across in steps.", demoSkeleton},
 	{110, "Alert", "提示框", "feedback", "A framed callout: info, success, warning or danger, with an optional ×.", demoAlert},
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ var feedbackEntries = []Entry{
 	{117, "BarsLoader", "柱状加载", "feedback", "Five bars rising and falling, a step apart.", demoBarsLoader},
 	{118, "Hourglass", "沙漏", "feedback", "Sand falls in steps, then the glass flips.", demoHourglass},
 	{119, "Toast", "吐司", "feedback", "Short messages at the bottom, three at a time, each for a few seconds. Some can be undone.", demoToast},
-	{120, "InlineMessage", "行内提示", "feedback", "A small ! or ✓ note under a field.", demoInlineMessage},
+	{120, "InlineMessage", "行内提示", "feedback", "A small warning or check note under a field.", demoInlineMessage},
 	{121, "CountUp", "计数", "feedback", "Numbers count up in steps, the way scores should.", demoCountUp},
 	{122, "Pulse", "脉冲", "feedback", "A dithered ring grows around what wants attention.", demoPulse},
 	{123, "LevelUp", "升级", "feedback", "LEVEL UP! slides in with sparkles when the level rises.", demoLevelUp},
 	{124, "Achievement", "成就", "feedback", "A trophy card slides in, waits, and slides away.", demoAchievement},
 	{125, "ComboCounter", "连击", "feedback", "×12 COMBO! It pops a dot bigger with every hit.", demoComboCounter},
 	{126, "ContinuePrompt", "继续？", "feedback", "CONTINUE? YES or NO before the count runs out.", demoContinuePrompt},
-	{127, "SaveIndicator", "存档指示", "feedback", "A floppy spins while saving, then SAVED ✓.", demoSaveIndicator},
-	{128, "BusyOverlay", "忙碌遮罩", "feedback", "A checker veil and spinner over busy content; it takes the pointer and the focus.", demoBusyOverlay},
+	{127, "SaveIndicator", "存档指示", "feedback", "A floppy spins while saving, then SAVED with a check.", demoSaveIndicator},
+	{128, "BusyOverlay", "加载遮罩", "feedback", "A checker veil and spinner over busy content; it takes the pointer and the focus.", demoBusyOverlay},
 	{129, "ReadyGo", "预备开始", "feedback", "3, 2, 1, GO! in big digits, a second each.", demoReadyGo},
 	{130, "Shake", "抖动", "feedback", "Jolts its child side to side, for a wrong answer.", demoShake},
 }
diff --git a/gallery/demos_files.go b/gallery/demos_files.go
index d7a4964..95e29e7 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_files.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_files.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ var filesEntries = []Entry{
 	{409, "PathBar", "路径栏", "files", "Where you are, folder by folder. Click one to climb back up.", demoPathBar},
 	{410, "MemoryCard", "记忆卡", "files", "Fifteen blocks, like the grey card of old. DELETE frees one.", demoMemoryCard},
 	{411, "DiskUsage", "磁盘占用", "files", "Where the room went, stacked in one bar.", demoDiskUsage},
-	{412, "UploadQueue", "上传队列", "files", "Files on their way up. ✕ calls one back.", demoUploadQueue},
+	{412, "UploadQueue", "上传队列", "files", "Files on their way up. × calls one back.", demoUploadQueue},
 	{413, "Trash", "回收站", "files", "A bin that looks full when it is. EMPTY takes it out.", demoTrash},
 }
 
diff --git a/gallery/demos_foundations.go b/gallery/demos_foundations.go
index f79e1c3..7805adc 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_foundations.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_foundations.go
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ func demoPalettes(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	ui.Grid(c).Columns(2).Gap(k.D(6)).Children(func() {
 		for _, pal := range pixel.Palettes {
-			pixel.Scope(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pal}, func() {
+			s := pixel.Current(c)
+			s.Palette = pal
+			pixel.Scope(c, s, func() {
 				kp := pixel.K(c)
 				shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element { return ui.ButtonBase(c).Label(pal.Name) })
 				shell.Height(kp.D(52)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
diff --git a/gallery/demos_fx.go b/gallery/demos_fx.go
index a485675..cb197b5 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_fx.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_fx.go
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func paletteOf(c *ui.Context, s pixel.Season, night bool) pixel.Settings {
 
 // over stacks an effect on a same-sized sky.
 func over(c *ui.Context, w, h int, effect func()) {
-	layout.Layers(c, func() { fx.Sky(c, fx.SkyOptions{Width: w, Height: h}) }, effect)
+	layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() { fx.Sky(c, fx.SkyOptions{Width: w, Height: h}) }, effect)
 }
 
 // portalBand rings the portal, outside in.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ func demoLava(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 
 func demoAurora(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	pixel.Scope(c, paletteOf(c, pixel.K(c).Palette().Season, true), func() {
-		layout.Layers(c, func() { fx.Sky(c, fx.SkyOptions{Width: 140, Height: 80}) },
+		layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() { fx.Sky(c, fx.SkyOptions{Width: 140, Height: 80}) },
 			func() { fx.Aurora(c, fx.AuroraOptions{Width: 140, Height: 80, Label: "aurora"}) },
 			func() { fx.Mountains(c, fx.MountainsOptions{Width: 140, Height: 80}) })
 	})
diff --git a/gallery/demos_game.go b/gallery/demos_game.go
index 3f1c265..eb5e3ff 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_game.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_game.go
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func demoTimerHUD(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	s := gameState(c)
 	left := max(0, s.deadline.Sub(k.Now()))
 	if left > 0 {
-		k.Tick(c, 2)
+		k.Tick(c, 4)
 	}
 	ui.Row(c).Gap(k.D(12)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Children(func() {
 		game.TimerHUD(c, left, game.TimerHUDOptions{})
diff --git a/gallery/demos_layout.go b/gallery/demos_layout.go
index 08cf296..c67a162 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_layout.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_layout.go
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ import (
 
 var layoutEntries = []Entry{
 	{1, "Screen", "屏幕", "layout", "The root of a screen: Back fills the window, with an optional dithered vignette.", demoScreen},
-	{2, "Window", "窗口", "layout", "A beveled window with a title tab, the shape of every RPG menu.", demoWindow},
+	{2, "Window", "框体", "layout", "A beveled window with a title tab, the shape of every RPG menu.", demoWindow},
 	{3, "Panel", "面板", "layout", "A box framed raised, sunken, flat, double, window or notched.", demoPanel},
 	{4, "Card", "卡片", "layout", "A raised panel with a header strip, a body and a footer.", demoCard},
 	{5, "Section", "分节", "layout", "A titled group inside a dotted rule.", demoSection},
 	{6, "Divider", "分隔线", "layout", "Rules across or down: solid, dotted, dashed, double, ornament.", demoDivider},
-	{7, "ScrollArea", "滚动区", "layout", "A scroll view with a pixel scrollbar: arrows step, the track pages, the thumb drags.", demoScrollArea},
+	{7, "ScrollArea", "卷动区", "layout", "A scroll view with a pixel scrollbar: arrows step, the track pages, the thumb drags.", demoScrollArea},
 	{8, "Split", "分栏", "layout", "Two panes and a grip. Drag it, or focus it and use the arrow keys.", demoSplit},
 	{9, "Grid", "网格", "layout", "Equal columns with solid or dotted lines between the cells.", demoGrid},
 	{10, "Tiles", "平铺", "layout", "Equal tiles that wrap into rows as the width allows.", demoTiles},
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func demoAspectBox(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 
 func demoLayers(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
-	layout.Layers(c, func() {
+	layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() {
 		ui.Box(c).Fill().Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 			g.Dither(0, 0, g.W, g.H, pixel.Well, pixel.Info, 6)
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func demoTitleBar(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 func demoStatusBar(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	ui.Box(c).Width(k.D(260)).Children(func() {
-		layout.StatusBar(c, "Ready", "Ln 1, Col 1", "UTF-8")
+		layout.StatusBar(c, []string{"Ready", "Ln 1, Col 1", "UTF-8"}, layout.StatusBarOptions{})
 	})
 }
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ func demoHandheld(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 		ui.Box(c).Fill().Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 			g.Rect(0, 0, g.W, g.H, pixel.Well)
-			g.Sprite(at[0], at[1], slime, g.Step(2), pixel.Ink, 1)
+			g.Sprite(at[0], at[1], slime, g.Step(4)/2, pixel.Ink, 1)
 		})
 	})
 	moves := map[string][2]int{"up": {0, -4}, "down": {0, 4}, "left": {-4, 0}, "right": {4, 0}}
diff --git a/gallery/demos_loot.go b/gallery/demos_loot.go
index 49eb6e6..c50246a 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_loot.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_loot.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ var lootEntries = []Entry{
 	{281, "Crafting", "合成台", "game", "Click a cell to swap ingredients. Herb over water makes a potion.", demoCrafting},
 	{282, "LootPopup", "获得物品", "game", "YOU GOT: something nice! The item rises out of the box.", demoLootPopup},
 	{283, "TreasureChest", "宝箱", "game", "Press the chest. It creaks open; the gem floats up.", demoTreasureChest},
-	{284, "GachaReel", "抽奖转轮", "game", "SPIN: three reels, stopping one by one. No real money involved.", demoGachaReel},
+	{284, "GachaReel", "扭蛋转轮", "game", "SPIN: three reels, stopping one by one. No real money involved.", demoGachaReel},
 	{285, "InteractPrompt", "互动提示", "game", "Walk up to the mayor and a TALK bubble bobs above him.", demoInteractPrompt},
 	{286, "TurnOrder", "行动顺序", "game", "Who acts next. The active one stands raised.", demoTurnOrder},
 	{287, "BattleLog", "战斗日志", "game", "Combat lines roll up as the fight goes on.", demoBattleLog},
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ func demoStaminaBar(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	s := lootState(c)
 	now := k.Now()
 	// Sprinting drains a quarter a second; rest refills a tenth.
-	if dt := now.Sub(s.last).Seconds(); s.sprint {
+	if dt := max(0, now.Sub(s.last).Seconds()); s.sprint {
 		s.stamina = max(0, s.stamina-dt/4)
 	} else {
 		s.stamina = min(1, s.stamina+dt/10)
diff --git a/gallery/demos_market.go b/gallery/demos_market.go
index b4ced53..6ad93e6 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_market.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_market.go
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ import (
 var marketEntries = []Entry{
 	{444, "Quantity", "数量", "shop", "- and + within limits. The side at its limit fades.", demoQuantity},
 	{445, "PricingTiers", "价格方案", "shop", "Bronze, silver and gold. Gold comes with a hat.", demoPricingTiers},
-	{446, "Coupon", "优惠券", "shop", "A ticket with notched edges. COPY takes the code.", demoCoupon},
-	{447, "DailyReward", "每日奖励", "shop", "Seven days, seven chests. Come back daily; today's is ready.", demoDailyReward},
+	{446, "Coupon", "优惠码", "shop", "A ticket with notched edges. COPY takes the code.", demoCoupon},
+	{447, "DailyReward", "每日福利", "shop", "Seven days, seven chests. Come back daily; today's is ready.", demoDailyReward},
 	{448, "BidTicker", "竞价", "shop", "The latest bids on top; the highest wears the crown.", demoBidTicker},
-	{449, "TradeWindow", "交易窗口", "shop", "Two offers. Both must confirm, and any change takes the confirms back.", demoTradeWindow},
+	{449, "TradeWindow", "交易框", "shop", "Two offers. Both must confirm, and any change takes the confirms back.", demoTradeWindow},
 	{450, "VendingMachine", "自动售货机", "shop", "Type a code like B3 and press OK. Credit first, snacks after.", demoVendingMachine},
 }
 
diff --git a/gallery/demos_media.go b/gallery/demos_media.go
index 763d3cc..c9e295e 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_media.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_media.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 var mediaEntries = []Entry{
 	{346, "AudioPlayer", "音乐播放器", "media", "A whole deck in one box. Stop rewinds to the top.", demoAudioPlayer},
 	{347, "Transport", "播放控制", "media", "Back, play or pause, stop, skip: the four buttons every deck agrees on.", demoTransport},
-	{348, "Scrubber", "进度拖动", "media", "Drag to seek, or nudge with arrows. Time at both ends.", demoScrubber},
+	{348, "Scrubber", "进度定位", "media", "Drag to seek, or nudge with arrows. Time at both ends.", demoScrubber},
 	{349, "Volume", "音量", "media", "Eight bars; click one or use arrows. The speaker mutes.", demoVolume},
 	{350, "Equalizer", "均衡器", "media", "Five faders, ±12 dB. Bass boost at your own risk.", demoEqualizer},
 	{351, "Visualizer", "频谱", "media", "Bars bounce out from the middle, hottest at the tips.", demoVisualizer},
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ func beat(s string) [16]bool {
 func spin(c *ui.Context, last *time.Time, playing bool, at *time.Duration, length time.Duration) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	if playing && !last.IsZero() {
-		*at = (*at + k.Now().Sub(*last)) % length
+		// A clock stepping back plays nothing backward.
+		*at = (*at + max(0, k.Now().Sub(*last))) % length
 	}
 	*last = time.Time{}
 	if playing {
diff --git a/gallery/demos_navigation.go b/gallery/demos_navigation.go
index 3a3e7d5..8e334ce 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_navigation.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_navigation.go
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ var navigationEntries = []Entry{
 	{131, "Tabs", "标签页", "navigation", "Folder tabs; the chosen one joins its panel. Arrows move.", demoTabs},
 	{132, "VerticalTabs", "竖排标签", "navigation", "Tabs down the left edge, for settings screens.", demoVerticalTabs},
 	{133, "Sidebar", "侧边栏", "navigation", "Sections of items with icons and badges. Up and Down choose; one Tab stop.", demoSidebar},
-	{134, "Breadcrumbs", "面包屑", "navigation", "Where you are, split by ›. Every part but the last walks back.", demoBreadcrumbs},
+	{134, "Breadcrumbs", "面包屑", "navigation", "Where you are, split by pointers. Every part but the last walks back.", demoBreadcrumbs},
 	{135, "CommandMenu", "指令菜单", "navigation", "FIGHT, MAGIC, ITEM, RUN, with a bobbing ▶. Enter picks; Escape backs out.", demoCommandMenu},
 	{136, "MenuBar", "菜单栏", "navigation", "A bar of menus. Click one, then the arrows go across and down.", demoMenuBar},
 	{137, "DropdownMenu", "下拉菜单", "navigation", "A button with a menu: icons, rules and shortcut names.", demoDropdownMenu},
 	{138, "ContextMenu", "右键菜单", "navigation", "Right click, or the menu key, opens a menu at the pointer.", demoContextMenu},
 	{139, "Pagination", "分页", "navigation", "◀ 1 … 4 5 6 … 12 ▶. The current page is pressed in.", demoPagination},
 	{140, "PageDots", "页码点", "navigation", "A dot per page; click one, or use the arrows.", demoPageDots},
-	{141, "Steps", "关卡步骤", "navigation", "Flags along a trail: cleared, waving where you are, locked ahead.", demoSteps},
+	{141, "Steps", "关卡阶段", "navigation", "Flags along a trail: cleared, waving where you are, locked ahead.", demoSteps},
 	{142, "NavRail", "导航栏", "navigation", "A rail of icons. Hover or focus one and it says its name.", demoNavRail},
 	{143, "BottomNav", "底部导航", "navigation", "Icons over labels along the bottom, for small screens.", demoBottomNav},
 	{144, "CommandPalette", "命令面板", "navigation", "Cmd+K, type a few letters, press Enter.", demoCommandPalette},
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func demoTabs(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 func demoVerticalTabs(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	s := navState(c)
 	names := []string{"Video", "Audio", "Controls"}
-	if navigation.VerticalTabs(c, "Settings", names, &s.vtab, navigation.TabsOptions{}, func() {
+	if navigation.VerticalTabs(c, "Settings", names, &s.vtab, navigation.VerticalTabsOptions{}, func() {
 		pixel.Text(c, names[s.vtab]+" settings go here.", pixel.TextOptions{Slot: pixel.Faint})
 	}).Changed {
 		log(names[s.vtab])
diff --git a/gallery/demos_overlay.go b/gallery/demos_overlay.go
index 15a850a..0266501 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_overlay.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_overlay.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 var overlayEntries = []Entry{
 	{176, "Dialog", "对话框", "overlay", "A titled window over a checkered backdrop. Escape or a click outside closes it.", demoDialog},
-	{177, "AlertDialog", "警告框", "overlay", "Icon, title, message, buttons. Enter presses the highlighted one.", demoAlertDialog},
+	{177, "AlertDialog", "提醒框", "overlay", "Icon, title, message, buttons. Enter presses the highlighted one.", demoAlertDialog},
 	{178, "ConfirmDialog", "确认框", "overlay", "ARE YOU SURE? The hand starts on NO, to be safe.", demoConfirmDialog},
 	{179, "Popover", "弹出层", "overlay", "A panel under its button, notched toward it. It flips above near the bottom.", demoPopover},
 	{180, "Tooltip", "提示气泡", "overlay", "Rest the pointer half a second, or Tab in, and a bubble says what it does.", demoTooltip},
diff --git a/gallery/demos_player.go b/gallery/demos_player.go
index 92dd48e..28c8172 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_player.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_player.go
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func demoTwoFactor(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 }
 
 func demoAbout(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
-	account.About(c, "8BIT", account.AboutOptions{Version: "1.0.0", Credits: []account.Credit{
+	account.About(c, "8BIT", "1.0.0", account.AboutOptions{Credits: []account.Credit{
 		{Role: "Pixels and code", Name: "The 8bit team"}, {Role: "Native UI", Name: "MyGo"}, {Role: "Font", Name: "Ark Pixel"},
 	}})
 }
diff --git a/gallery/demos_popups.go b/gallery/demos_popups.go
index f5a164c..b393ab4 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_popups.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_popups.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 var popupEntries = []Entry{
 	{186, "ChoicePrompt", "选项提示", "overlay", "A question and a hand. Arrows and Enter, or press 1–9.", demoChoicePrompt},
 	{187, "Coachmark", "新手引导", "overlay", "A guided tour: a bubble points at each button in turn.", demoCoachmark},
-	{188, "Spotlight", "聚光灯", "overlay", "Everything but one button sinks into dither.", demoSpotlight},
+	{188, "Spotlight", "探照灯", "overlay", "Everything but one button sinks into dither.", demoSpotlight},
 	{189, "Notification", "通知", "overlay", "Cards stack at the top right and leave on their own. × sends one away.", demoNotification},
 	{190, "Popconfirm", "气泡确认", "overlay", "A small YES / NO bubble before the button acts.", demoPopconfirm},
 	{191, "PauseMenu", "暂停菜单", "overlay", "PAUSED blinks over the game. Escape resumes.", demoPauseMenu},
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func demoKeyHints(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 func demoTitleCard(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	s := overlayState(c)
-	layout.Layers(c, func() {
+	layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() {
 		ui.Box(c).Fill().Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 			g.Dither(0, 0, g.W, g.H, pixel.Well, pixel.Info, 4)
diff --git a/gallery/demos_project.go b/gallery/demos_project.go
index d082279..342888c 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_project.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_project.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ var projectEntries = []Entry{
 	{422, "TaskItem", "任务项", "project", "A box to tick, a title, how urgent, and who.", demoTaskItem},
 	{423, "TaskList", "任务列表", "project", "Tasks with OPEN, DONE and URGENT chips to narrow them down.", demoTaskList},
 	{424, "Milestones", "里程碑", "project", "Flags along the road. The little hero stands at today.", demoMilestones},
-	{425, "Burndown", "燃尽图", "project", "The straight line is the plan. The other one is what happened.", demoBurndown},
+	{425, "Burndown", "冲刺进度", "project", "The straight line is the plan. The other one is what happened.", demoBurndown},
 	{426, "Pomodoro", "番茄钟", "project", "Twenty-five minutes of work, five of rest. The tomato naps on the break.", demoPomodoro},
 	{427, "Priority", "优先级", "project", "LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH and, for the worst, CRITICAL: it is on fire.", demoPriority},
 	{428, "AssigneePicker", "指派", "project", "The party lines up. Pick who takes the quest, or nobody.", demoAssigneePicker},
diff --git a/gallery/demos_records.go b/gallery/demos_records.go
index 34ab26c..9809def 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_records.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_records.go
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ import (
 
 var recordEntries = []Entry{
 	{164, "StatCompare", "属性对比", "data", "What a new sword does to you: ▲ in green, ▼ in red.", demoStatCompare},
-	{165, "Bestiary", "图鉴", "data", "Monsters you met, and ??? shadows of those you have not.", demoBestiary},
+	{165, "Bestiary", "怪物图录", "data", "Monsters you met, and ??? shadows of those you have not.", demoBestiary},
 	{166, "PropertyGrid", "属性表", "data", "Edit text, numbers and switches row by row.", demoPropertyGrid},
 	{167, "Pager", "分页器", "data", "Pick a page size; ◀ ▶ step through 312 items.", demoPager},
 	{168, "Feed", "动态流", "data", "What happened, newest first, with icons and times.", demoFeed},
 	{169, "Matrix", "矩阵", "data", "Who knows which spell. Arrows move; Space flips.", demoMatrix},
 	{170, "Sortable", "可排序列表", "data", "Drag a quest by its grip, or move it with Alt and the arrows.", demoSortable},
-	{171, "Transfer", "穿梭框", "data", "Pick a hero, then → or ← to swap benches.", demoTransfer},
+	{171, "Transfer", "双栏选择", "data", "Pick a hero, then → or ← to swap benches.", demoTransfer},
 	{172, "InfiniteList", "无限列表", "data", "Scroll to the end; it loads twenty more.", demoInfiniteList},
 	{173, "FilterBar", "筛选栏", "data", "Chips turn filters on; CLEAR turns them all off.", demoFilterBar},
 	{174, "SearchResults", "搜索结果", "data", "Type a spell name; matches light up.", demoSearchResults},
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func demoInfiniteList(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	s := dataState(c)
 	// A pretend server answers after one second.
-	if !s.loading.IsZero() && k.Since(c, s.loading, 1, 1) == 1 {
+	if !s.loading.IsZero() && k.Since(c, s.loading, 4, 4) == 4 {
 		s.logs, s.loading = s.logs+20, time.Time{}
 		log(fmt.Sprintf("loaded %d rows", s.logs))
 	}
diff --git a/gallery/demos_rpg.go b/gallery/demos_rpg.go
index 60b4f00..015bce0 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_rpg.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_rpg.go
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func demoDamageNumbers(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	s, dice := rpgState(c), gameState(c).dice
 	ui.Column(c).Gap(k.D(4)).Children(func() {
 		// The numbers float over a slime having a bad day.
-		layout.Layers(c, func() {
+		layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() {
 			ui.Box(c).Fill().Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 				g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 				g.Sprite((g.W-3*slime.W)/2, g.H-3*slime.H, slime, 0, pixel.Ink, 3)
diff --git a/gallery/demos_screenfx.go b/gallery/demos_screenfx.go
index 52d352e..4e29e73 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_screenfx.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_screenfx.go
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func demoGlitch(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 
 func demoSparkle(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
-	layout.Layers(c, func() {
+	layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() {
 		ui.Box(c).Size(k.D(48), k.D(48)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Justify(ui.Center).Children(func() {
 			display.Gem(c, display.Legendary, display.GemOptions{Scale: 2})
 		})
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func demoExplosion(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 
 func demoConfetti(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
-	layout.Layers(c, func() {
+	layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() {
 		ui.Box(c).Size(k.D(140), k.D(64)).AlignItems(ui.Center).Justify(ui.Center).Children(func() {
 			pixel.Text(c, "YOU WIN!", pixel.TextOptions{Scale: 2, Slot: pixel.Accent})
 		})
diff --git a/gallery/demos_studio.go b/gallery/demos_studio.go
index f6e87cc..6594944 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_studio.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_studio.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ var studioEntries = []Entry{
 	{359, "Waveform", "波形", "media", "Every sample a line, up or down from zero.", demoWaveform},
 	{360, "VideoFrame", "视频框", "media", "A 16:9 screen with play and a scrubber. The slime does the rest.", demoVideoFrame},
 	{361, "ImageCompare", "对比滑块", "media", "Drag the grip: sketch on the left, paint on the right.", demoImageCompare},
-	{362, "Gallery", "画廊", "media", "Arrows walk the thumbnails; the big picture follows.", demoGallery},
+	{362, "Gallery", "相册", "media", "Arrows walk the thumbnails; the big picture follows.", demoGallery},
 	{363, "Filmstrip", "胶片条", "media", "A sprite's frames on film, sprocket holes and all.", demoFilmstrip},
 	{364, "RecordButton", "录制按钮", "media", "The dot blinks while it records, and the time runs.", demoRecordButton},
 	{365, "Tuner", "调频器", "media", "Drag the needle across FM. A few stations are on the air.", demoTuner},
diff --git a/gallery/demos_tabletop.go b/gallery/demos_tabletop.go
index 0e7dde8..2764be0 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_tabletop.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_tabletop.go
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 var tabletopEntries = []Entry{
-	{486, "Dice", "骰子", "tabletop", "A d6 with pips. ROLL and it tumbles before it lands.", demoDice},
-	{487, "DiceTray", "骰盘", "tabletop", "Several dice on felt, and what they add up to.", demoDiceTray},
+	{486, "Dice", "色子", "tabletop", "A d6 with pips. ROLL and it tumbles before it lands.", demoDice},
+	{487, "DiceTray", "色子盘", "tabletop", "Several dice on felt, and what they add up to.", demoDiceTray},
 	{488, "PlayingCard", "扑克牌", "tabletop", "Rank and suit, court cards with their pieces, or the back.", demoPlayingCard},
 	{489, "CardHand", "手牌", "tabletop", "A fanned hand. The card you point at or choose lifts; a click plays it.", demoCardHand},
 	{490, "Deck", "牌堆", "tabletop", "A face-down pile with its count. Click to draw.", demoDeck},
diff --git a/gallery/demos_text.go b/gallery/demos_text.go
index f89d8ab..2227db3 100644
--- a/gallery/demos_text.go
+++ b/gallery/demos_text.go
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func demoBlinkText(c *ui.Context, log func(string)) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	ui.Row(c).Gap(k.D(12)).Children(func() {
 		text.BlinkText(c, "PRESS START", text.BlinkTextOptions{Scale: 2})
-		text.BlinkText(c, "LOW HP", text.BlinkTextOptions{Slot: pixel.Bad, FPS: 6})
+		text.BlinkText(c, "LOW HP", text.BlinkTextOptions{Slot: pixel.Bad, FPS: 12})
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/gallery/glyphs_test.go b/gallery/glyphs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eea1e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/glyphs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestGalleryTextHasGlyphs(t *testing.T) {
+	// Every visible word comes from the font, never tofu.
+	check := func(where, s string) {
+		for _, r := range s {
+			if r != ' ' && !pixel.Has(r) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: the font has no %q in %q", where, r, s)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, e := range Entries() {
+		check(e.Slug(), e.Name+e.Zh+e.Summary)
+	}
+	for _, path := range []string{"/", "/cat/foundations", "/nowhere"} {
+		_, tt := open(path)
+		for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+			check(path, s)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/gallery/names_test.go b/gallery/names_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b3991a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/names_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/input"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestEveryFocusHasAName(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, e := range Entries() {
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay})
+			// A named start, so Tab always lands and laps.
+			input.Button(c, "SENTINEL", input.ButtonOptions{})
+			ui.Column(c).Fill().Children(func() { e.Demo(c, func(string) {}) })
+		}, 640, 480)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		for i := range 12 {
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+			if tt.Focused("SENTINEL") {
+				break
+			}
+			// Focused counts ancestors, so a named focus has a hit.
+			named := false
+			for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+				named = named || tt.Focused(s)
+			}
+			if !named {
+				t.Errorf("%s: Tab %d focuses something with no name", e.Slug(), i+1)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/gallery/pages.go b/gallery/pages.go
index a7101db..45f7173 100644
--- a/gallery/pages.go
+++ b/gallery/pages.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (a *App) home(c *ui.Context) {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	p := k.Palette()
 	// The banner lives in the palette's own season and hour.
-	layout.Layers(c, func() {
+	layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() {
 		fx.SeasonScene(c, p.Season, hourOf(p), fx.SeasonSceneOptions{Height: 96, Label: p.Name + " scene"}).FillWidth()
 	}, func() {
 		ui.Column(c).Padding(k.D(10)).Children(func() {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (a *App) palettes(c *ui.Context) {
 		for i, pal := range pixel.Palettes {
 			name := pal.Name
 			if i == a.palette {
-				name += ", in use"
+				name += ", " + strings.ToLower(k.Msg("in_use"))
 			}
 			set := pixel.Current(c)
 			set.Palette = pal
diff --git a/gallery/veiled_keys_test.go b/gallery/veiled_keys_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2625a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/veiled_keys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestVeiledKeysDoNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	// KeyUnknown stands for typed text, "a1".
+	keys := []ui.Key{ui.KeyEnter, ui.KeySpace, ui.KeyUp, ui.KeyDown, ui.KeyLeft, ui.KeyRight, ui.Key1, ui.KeyUnknown}
+	for _, e := range Entries() {
+		for i := range 3 * len(keys) {
+			stop, key := i/len(keys), keys[i%len(keys)]
+			at, inert, logs := time.Date(2026, 10, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false, []string{}
+			tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+				pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }, Inert: inert})
+				ui.Column(c).Fill().Children(func() { e.Demo(c, func(s string) { logs = append(logs, s) }) })
+			}, 640, 480)
+			// Each key at each of the first three Tab stops.
+			for range 1 + stop {
+				tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+			}
+			before := len(logs)
+			// The veil falls in the frame the key comes.
+			inert = true
+			if key == ui.KeyUnknown {
+				tt.Type("a1")
+			} else {
+				tt.Key(0, key)
+			}
+			if len(logs) > before {
+				t.Errorf("%s: %v under a falling veil logged %q", e.Slug(), key, logs[before:])
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/gallery/veiled_pointer_test.go b/gallery/veiled_pointer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9304c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gallery/veiled_pointer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package gallery
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestVeiledPointersDoNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, e := range Entries() {
+		for _, at := range [][2]float32{{30, 20}, {120, 40}, {240, 60}, {60, 120}, {200, 160}, {360, 100}, {100, 260}, {300, 320}} {
+			now, inert, logs := time.Date(2026, 10, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), false, []string{}
+			tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+				pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return now }, Inert: inert})
+				ui.Column(c).Fill().Children(func() { e.Demo(c, func(s string) { logs = append(logs, s) }) })
+			}, 640, 480)
+			tt.Move(at[0], at[1])
+			before := len(logs)
+			// The veil falls with the click, then with a notch.
+			inert = true
+			tt.ClickAt(at[0], at[1])
+			tt.Scroll(at[0], at[1], 0, 40)
+			if len(logs) > before {
+				t.Errorf("%s: a click or wheel at %v under a falling veil logged %q", e.Slug(), at, logs[before:])
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/game/credits.go b/game/credits.go
index f626a51..9092ab1 100644
--- a/game/credits.go
+++ b/game/credits.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func Credits(c *ui.Context, text string, credits []Credit, o CreditsOptions) Cre
 	end, roll := h/2+full-pixel.LineHeight/2, start(k, e, o.Cue)
 	top, step := 0, end
 	if !k.Reduce() {
-		step = k.Since(c, roll.at, 16, end)
+		step = k.Since(c, roll.at, 15, end)
 		top = h - step
 	} else {
 		h = full
diff --git a/game/damagenumbers.go b/game/damagenumbers.go
index 9d3e8c9..bf84dac 100644
--- a/game/damagenumbers.go
+++ b/game/damagenumbers.go
@@ -31,13 +31,15 @@ const life = 800 * time.Millisecond
 func DamageNumbers(c *ui.Context, text string, hits *[]Hit, o DamageNumbersOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	w, h := pixel.Or("DamageNumbers Width", o.Width, 160), pixel.Or("DamageNumbers Height", o.Height, 80)
-	now := k.Now()
+	// S5: hits rise in whole frames, fifteen a second.
+	now := k.Now().Truncate(time.Second / 15)
 	live := (*hits)[:0]
 	for _, hit := range *hits {
 		if hit.X < 0 || hit.X >= w || hit.Y < 0 || hit.Y >= h {
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("game: hit at %d,%d is off the %d×%d box", hit.X, hit.Y, w, h))
 		}
-		if hit.at.IsZero() {
+		// A clock stepping back starts a hit again.
+		if hit.at.IsZero() || now.Before(hit.at) {
 			hit.at = now
 		}
 		if now.Sub(hit.at) < life {
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ func DamageNumbers(c *ui.Context, text string, hits *[]Hit, o DamageNumbersOptio
 		}
 	}
 	if len(shown) > 0 {
-		k.Tick(c, 20)
+		k.Tick(c, 15)
 	}
 	return ui.Box(c).Role(ui.RoleImage).Label(text).Description(strings.Join(parts, ", ")).Size(k.D(w), k.D(h)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 		g := k.Canvas(p, r)
diff --git a/game/equipment.go b/game/equipment.go
index f6e4368..71a0b53 100644
--- a/game/equipment.go
+++ b/game/equipment.go
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func Equipment(c *ui.Context, text string, gear []data.Item, selected *int, o Eq
 	})
 	arrows(base, spots, selected)
 	res := EquipmentResult{Element: shell, Picked: -1}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace) {
 		res.Picked = *selected
 	}
 	left := (w - (3*pitch - 4)) / 2
diff --git a/game/game.go b/game/game.go
index be82c36..7dd6177 100644
--- a/game/game.go
+++ b/game/game.go
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func arrows(base *ui.Element, spots []Spot, cur *int) {
 		key    ui.Key
 		dx, dy int
 	}{{ui.KeyLeft, -1, 0}, {ui.KeyRight, 1, 0}, {ui.KeyUp, 0, -1}, {ui.KeyDown, 0, 1}} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 			*cur = nearest(spots, *cur, m.dx, m.dy)
 		}
 	}
@@ -120,5 +120,6 @@ func start(k pixel.Kit, e *ui.Element, cue int) begun {
 	if s.cue != cue {
 		s.cue, s.at, s.run = cue, k.Now(), s.run+1
 	}
+	k.Elapsed(&s.at)
 	return *s
 }
diff --git a/game/healthbar.go b/game/healthbar.go
index 5db86b1..72e5e2b 100644
--- a/game/healthbar.go
+++ b/game/healthbar.go
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ func HealthBar(c *ui.Context, text string, hp, full int, o HealthBarOptions) *ui
 	now := k.Now()
 	// end is the trail's end: held, then draining fast.
 	end := func() float64 {
-		return max(float64(tr.seen), tr.from-max(0, now.Sub(tr.at)-hold).Seconds()*float64(full))
+		// S5: the drain moves in whole frames, fifteen a second.
+		drained := max(0, now.Sub(tr.at)-hold).Truncate(time.Second / 15)
+		return max(float64(tr.seen), tr.from-drained.Seconds()*float64(full))
 	}
 	if hp < tr.seen {
 		tr.from, tr.at = end(), now
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ func HealthBar(c *ui.Context, text string, hp, full int, o HealthBarOptions) *ui
 		shown = float64(hp)
 	}
 	if shown > float64(hp) {
-		k.Tick(c, 30)
+		k.Tick(c, 15)
 	}
 	// Divide, not multiply: huge HP must not overflow.
 	ink := pixel.Good
diff --git a/game/hotbar.go b/game/hotbar.go
index a8d6327..2500b65 100644
--- a/game/hotbar.go
+++ b/game/hotbar.go
@@ -40,27 +40,32 @@ func Hotbar(c *ui.Context, text string, items []data.Item, selected *int, o Hotb
 	old := *selected
 	shell, base, st, used := pixel.Pad(c, text, n, n, data.SlotSize, data.SlotSize, selected, o.Disabled)
 	for i := range n {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.Key1+ui.Key(i)) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.Key1+ui.Key(i)) {
 			*selected = i
 		}
 	}
 	wh := ui.Local(base, wheelKey{}, func() wheel { return wheel{} })
 	notch := k.D(pixel.LineHeight)
+	// The handler runs before this frame knows it is off.
 	base.HandleInput(func(ev ui.InputEvent) bool {
 		if ev.Kind != ui.InputScroll {
 			return false
 		}
-		// A notch moves one slot; the bar wraps around.
-		for wh.left += ev.DY; wh.left >= notch || wh.left <= -notch; {
-			d := 1
-			if wh.left < 0 {
-				d = -1
-			}
-			wh.left -= float32(d) * notch
-			*selected, wh.moved = ((*selected+d)%n+n)%n, true
-		}
+		wh.left += ev.DY
 		return true
 	})
+	if base.IsDisabled() {
+		wh.left = 0
+	}
+	// A notch moves one slot; the bar wraps around.
+	for wh.left >= notch || wh.left <= -notch {
+		d := 1
+		if wh.left < 0 {
+			d = -1
+		}
+		wh.left -= float32(d) * notch
+		*selected, wh.moved = ((*selected+d)%n+n)%n, true
+	}
 	res := HotbarResult{Element: shell, Changed: *selected != old || wh.moved, Used: used}
 	wh.moved = false
 	base.Description(items[*selected].String())
diff --git a/game/interactprompt.go b/game/interactprompt.go
index d9496b7..6c14c78 100644
--- a/game/interactprompt.go
+++ b/game/interactprompt.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func InteractPrompt(c *ui.Context, target *ui.Element, action string, o Interact
 	at := max(3, int((b.X+b.W/2-x)/k.Dot()))
 	bob := 0
 	if !k.Reduce() {
-		bob = k.Tick(c, 2) % 2
+		bob = k.Tick(c, 4) / 2 % 2
 	}
 	var e *ui.Element
 	ui.Overlay(c, func() {
diff --git a/game/keypair_test.go b/game/keypair_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e868df6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/game/keypair_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package game_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/data"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/game"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/icon"
+)
+
+func TestSpaceAfterEnterPicksTheCursor(t *testing.T) {
+	gear := []data.Item{{Sprite: icon.Crown, Name: "Crown"}, {}, {Sprite: icon.Sword, Name: "Sword"}, {}, {}}
+	sel, picks := game.Head, []int{}
+	tt := view(400, 200, &world{clk: newClock()}, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if r := game.Equipment(c, "Gear", gear, &sel, game.EquipmentOptions{}); r.Picked >= 0 {
+			picks = append(picks, r.Picked)
+		}
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Gear")
+	// The pointer rests over the doll's lower row.
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+2*(26+11))
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if len(picks) != 2 || picks[0] != game.Head || picks[1] != game.Head || sel != game.Head {
+		t.Fatalf("Enter then Space picked %v, cursor %d", picks, sel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpaceLearnsTheCursorNotThePointer(t *testing.T) {
+	skills := []game.Skill{
+		{Name: "Root", Sprite: icon.Star},
+		{Name: "Slash", Sprite: icon.Sword, At: game.Spot{X: 1}, Needs: []int{0}},
+	}
+	cur, points, learned := 0, 2, -1
+	tt := view(400, 200, &world{clk: newClock()}, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if r := game.SkillTree(c, "Skills", skills, &cur, &points, game.SkillTreeOptions{}); r.Learned >= 0 {
+			learned = r.Learned
+		}
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Skills")
+	// The pointer rests on Slash; the cursor is on Root.
+	tt.Move(r.X+2*(28+10), r.Y+2*(20+10))
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if learned != 0 || cur != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Space learned %d, cursor %d", learned, cur)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHotbarWheelAsAVeilFallsMovesNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	wd, slot := &world{clk: newClock()}, 0
+	tt := view(400, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		game.Hotbar(c, "Slots", []data.Item{{Name: "A"}, {Name: "B"}}, &slot, game.HotbarOptions{})
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Slots")
+	wd.inert = true
+	tt.Scroll(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, 0, 40)
+	if slot != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("the wheel moved a veiled bar to %d", slot)
+	}
+	wd.inert = false
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Scroll(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, 0, 40)
+	if slot != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("the wheel did not move the bar: %d", slot)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/game/letterbox.go b/game/letterbox.go
index 9296857..5b79218 100644
--- a/game/letterbox.go
+++ b/game/letterbox.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func Letterbox(c *ui.Context, on bool, o LetterboxOptions, content func()) *ui.E
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	bar := pixel.Or("Letterbox Bar", o.Bar, 16)
 	var cover *ui.Element
-	e := layout.Layers(c, content, func() { cover = ui.Box(c).Fill().PassThrough() })
+	e := layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, content, func() { cover = ui.Box(c).Fill().PassThrough() })
 	h := bar * k.Toward(c, e, on, 8, 4) / 4
 	cover.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 		g := k.Canvas(p, r)
diff --git a/game/lootpopup.go b/game/lootpopup.go
index 6346f34..cbc1e5e 100644
--- a/game/lootpopup.go
+++ b/game/lootpopup.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func LootPopup(c *ui.Context, it data.Item, open *bool, o LootPopupOptions) Loot
 		// The item rises 8 dots; reduced, it starts up.
 		rise := 8
 		if !k.Reduce() {
-			rise = k.Since(c, start(k, e, 0).at, 16, 8)
+			rise = k.Since(c, start(k, e, 0).at, 15, 8)
 		}
 		e.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			g := k.Canvas(p, r)
diff --git a/game/map_test.go b/game/map_test.go
index 819d47d..5076f50 100644
--- a/game/map_test.go
+++ b/game/map_test.go
@@ -166,8 +166,9 @@ func TestDamageNumbersRiseAndExpire(t *testing.T) {
 		t0, crit := top(pixel.Ink), top(pixel.Warn)
 		wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(400 * time.Millisecond)
 		tt.Frame()
-		// Halfway through its life it has risen 6 dots.
-		if rose := t0 - top(pixel.Ink); t0 < 0 || crit < 0 || (rose == 6) == reduce || rose != 6 && rose != 0 {
+		// Halfway through its life: 6 dots, or 5 stepped.
+		rose := t0 - top(pixel.Ink)
+		if moved := rose == 5 || rose == 6; t0 < 0 || crit < 0 || moved == reduce || !moved && rose != 0 {
 			t.Fatalf("reduced %v: the number rose %d from %d", reduce, rose, t0)
 		}
 		wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
diff --git a/game/menus_test.go b/game/menus_test.go
index f028623..7a2f0e7 100644
--- a/game/menus_test.go
+++ b/game/menus_test.go
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/data"
 	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/game"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/icon"
 	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
 )
 
@@ -256,3 +258,90 @@ func TestLoadingTipsTurnEveryFourSeconds(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("tips did not turn: %q", tt.Texts())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInteractPromptBobsOnceASecond(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := &world{clk: newClock()}
+	tt := view(300, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		var target *ui.Element
+		ui.Column(c).Padding(60).Children(func() { target = ui.Box(c).Size(20, 20) })
+		game.InteractPrompt(c, target, "OPEN", game.InteractPromptOptions{})
+	})
+	start := wd.clk.t
+	var ys []float32
+	for _, at := range []time.Duration{100, 350, 600} {
+		wd.clk.t = start.Add(at * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+		// The bottom edge bobs; the top may sit clipped.
+		r := find(t, tt, "A OPEN")
+		ys = append(ys, r.Y+r.H)
+	}
+	if ys[0] != ys[1] || ys[1] == ys[2] {
+		t.Fatalf("the prompt sat at %v at .1, .35 and .6 s", ys)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHealthBarTrailStepsAtFifteen(t *testing.T) {
+	wd, hp := &world{clk: newClock()}, 100
+	tt := view(300, 100, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { game.HealthBar(c, "HP", hp, 100, game.HealthBarOptions{}) })
+	hp = 50
+	tt.Frame()
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(350 * time.Millisecond)
+	// Frames each 10 ms show two steps at most.
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for range 6 {
+		wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+		seen[string(tt.Image().Pix)] = true
+	}
+	if len(seen) > 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("the trail drew %d pictures in 60 ms", len(seen))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDamageNumbersRiseInWholeFrames(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := &world{clk: newClock()}
+	hits := []game.Hit{{Value: 999, X: 60, Y: 60}}
+	tt := view(300, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { game.DamageNumbers(c, "Damage", &hits, game.DamageNumbersOptions{}) })
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for range 7 {
+		seen[string(tt.Image().Pix)] = true
+		wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+	}
+	if len(seen) > 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("%d pictures in 60 ms", len(seen))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpinsAndHitsRestartWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := &world{clk: newClock()}
+	faces := []data.Item{{Sprite: icon.Star, Name: "Star"}, {Sprite: icon.Coin, Name: "Coin"}}
+	spin, done := 0, 0
+	tt := view(300, 100, wd, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if game.GachaReel(c, "Reels", faces, [3]int{1, 1, 1}, spin, game.GachaReelOptions{}).Done {
+			done++
+		}
+	})
+	spin = 1
+	tt.Frame()
+	// An hour back, the spin times from now and lands.
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(-time.Hour)
+	tt.Frame()
+	for range 30 {
+		wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(200 * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+	}
+	if done != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("the reels landed %d times", done)
+	}
+	hits := []game.Hit{{Value: 7, X: 60, Y: 40}}
+	tt = view(300, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { game.DamageNumbers(c, "Damage", &hits, game.DamageNumbersOptions{}) })
+	fresh := string(tt.Image().Pix)
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(-time.Second)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if string(tt.Image().Pix) != fresh {
+		t.Fatal("a hit moved as the clock stepped back")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/game/optionsmenu.go b/game/optionsmenu.go
index 66b7825..9e3bdac 100644
--- a/game/optionsmenu.go
+++ b/game/optionsmenu.go
@@ -73,21 +73,21 @@ func OptionsMenu(c *ui.Context, text string, settings []Setting, row *int, o Opt
 			*s.Value, res.Changed = v, true
 		}
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) && *row > 0 {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) && *row > 0 {
 		*row--
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) && *row < len(settings)-1 {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) && *row < len(settings)-1 {
 		*row++
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) {
 		step(-1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) {
 		step(1)
 	}
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	aw := pixel.Measure("◀")
 	ax := pixel.Hand.W + 4 + name + 10
 	vx := ax + aw + 3
diff --git a/game/pressstart.go b/game/pressstart.go
index f9e4a66..773d8c4 100644
--- a/game/pressstart.go
+++ b/game/pressstart.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func PressStart(c *ui.Context, o PressStartOptions) PressStartResult {
 	shell.Size(k.D(pixel.Measure(s)+8), k.D(pixel.LineHeight+4)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 		g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 		// It blinks at 1 Hz; reduced, it holds still.
-		if g.Step(2)%2 == 0 {
+		if g.Step(4)%4 < 2 {
 			g.Text(4, 2, s, pixel.Ink, 1)
 		}
 		g.Finish(st)
diff --git a/game/skilltree.go b/game/skilltree.go
index 7e16925..76b7341 100644
--- a/game/skilltree.go
+++ b/game/skilltree.go
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func SkillTree(c *ui.Context, text string, skills []Skill, cursor, points *int,
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
 	arrows(base, spots, cursor)
-	learn := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	learn := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	top := pixel.LineHeight + 4
 	// A click moves the cursor; clicking it again learns.
 	if base.Clicked() {
diff --git a/game/treasurechest.go b/game/treasurechest.go
index 9ab653d..e325439 100644
--- a/game/treasurechest.go
+++ b/game/treasurechest.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func TreasureChest(c *ui.Context, text string, it data.Item, open *bool, o Treas
 	if *open {
 		frame, rise = 2, 10
 		if !k.Reduce() {
-			frame, rise = k.Since(c, s.at, 8, 2), k.Since(c, s.at, 16, 10)
+			frame, rise = k.Since(c, s.at, 8, 2), k.Since(c, s.at, 15, 10)
 		}
 	}
 	if *open {
diff --git a/input/autocomplete.go b/input/autocomplete.go
index 9d00357..ba7fed8 100644
--- a/input/autocomplete.go
+++ b/input/autocomplete.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package input
 import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -28,10 +29,12 @@ func Autocomplete(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, suggestions []strin
 	ed, e := field(c, value, pixel.EditorOptions{Label: text, Placeholder: o.Placeholder, Disabled: o.Disabled}, o.Width, nil, nil, nil)
 	res := AutocompleteResult{Element: e, Changed: ed.Changed, Submitted: ed.Submitted}
 	best := completion(suggestions, *value)
-	tab, enter := best != "" && e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyTab), best != "" && e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	// Keys reach the wrapper; the editor's state gates them.
+	on := best != "" && !ed.Input.IsDisabled()
+	tab, enter := on && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyTab), on && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
 	if tab || enter {
 		*value, res.Changed, res.Accepted = best, true, true
-		slog.Debug("8bit: autocomplete accepted", "label", text, "value", best)
+		slog.Debug("8bit: autocomplete accepted", "label", text, "runes", utf8.RuneCountInString(best))
 		return res
 	}
 	if best != "" {
diff --git a/input/button.go b/input/button.go
index c866928..7976b3a 100644
--- a/input/button.go
+++ b/input/button.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ type ButtonOptions struct {
 
 type ButtonResult struct {
 	Element *ui.Element
+	// Base is the focusable inside Element.
+	Base    *ui.Element
 	Clicked bool
 }
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ func Button(c *ui.Context, text string, o ButtonOptions) ButtonResult {
 		}
 		g.Finish(st)
 	})
-	res := ButtonResult{Element: shell, Clicked: base.Clicked()}
+	res := ButtonResult{Element: shell, Base: base, Clicked: base.Clicked()}
 	if res.Clicked {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: button", "label", name)
 	}
diff --git a/input/cheatcode.go b/input/cheatcode.go
index 21c74df..bf7c27b 100644
--- a/input/cheatcode.go
+++ b/input/cheatcode.go
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ func CheatCode(c *ui.Context, text string, o CheatCodeOptions) CheatCodeResult {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
 	s := ui.Local(base, cheatKey{}, func() cheat { return cheat{} })
+	// The handler runs before this frame knows it is off.
+	if base.IsDisabled() {
+		*s = cheat{}
+	}
 	// Keys come in order here, however fast they are typed.
 	base.HandleInput(func(ev ui.InputEvent) bool {
 		if ev.Kind != ui.InputKeyDown || ev.Mods != 0 {
diff --git a/input/checkboxgroup.go b/input/checkboxgroup.go
index 36cc1e6..ca7bbad 100644
--- a/input/checkboxgroup.go
+++ b/input/checkboxgroup.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func CheckboxGroup(c *ui.Context, text string, items []string, checked []bool, o
 			}
 			box(k.Canvas(p, r), text, mark, st)
 		})
-		if base.Changed() {
+		if base.Changed() && !base.IsDisabled() {
 			for i := range checked {
 				checked[i] = all
 			}
diff --git a/input/combobox.go b/input/combobox.go
index a087d93..e7acfa8 100644
--- a/input/combobox.go
+++ b/input/combobox.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package input
 import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -53,14 +54,16 @@ func Combobox(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, options []string, o Com
 	if ed.Changed {
 		st.open, st.typed, st.lit = true, true, 0
 	}
-	if e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	// Keys reach the wrapper; the editor's state gates them.
+	on := !ed.Input.IsDisabled()
+	if on && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		if st.open {
 			st.lit++
 		} else {
 			st.open, st.typed, st.lit = true, false, 0
 		}
 	}
-	if st.open && e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if st.open && on && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		st.lit--
 	}
 	shown := options
@@ -70,9 +73,12 @@ func Combobox(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, options []string, o Com
 	st.lit = max(0, min(st.lit, len(shown)-1))
 	// The rows shown follow the lit option.
 	st.top = max(0, min(st.top, st.lit, len(shown)-comboRows), st.lit-comboRows+1)
-	if st.open && len(shown) > 0 && e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) {
+	if st.open && on && len(shown) > 0 && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyEnter) {
 		take(shown[st.lit])
 	}
+	if !on {
+		st.open = false
+	}
 	show, held := st.open && len(shown) > 0, false
 	panel := ui.PopoverBase(c, e, &show, func(panel *ui.Element) {
 		panel.MinWidth(e.Bounds().W)
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ func Combobox(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, options []string, o Com
 		c.Invalidate()
 	}
 	if res.Chosen {
-		slog.Debug("8bit: combobox chosen", "label", text, "value", *value)
+		slog.Debug("8bit: combobox chosen", "label", text, "runes", utf8.RuneCountInString(*value))
 	}
 	return res
 }
diff --git a/input/dpad.go b/input/dpad.go
index 618fd6e..03949bb 100644
--- a/input/dpad.go
+++ b/input/dpad.go
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ func DPad(c *ui.Context, text string, o DPadOptions) DPadResult {
 		key ui.Key
 		arm Direction
 	}{{ui.KeyUp, Up}, {ui.KeyDown, Down}, {ui.KeyLeft, Left}, {ui.KeyRight, Right}} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 			res.Pressed = m.arm
 		}
 	}
 	// Taking Enter and Space keeps keys from clicking.
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	at := func() Direction {
 		x, y, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 		return armAt(int(x/k.Dot()), int(y/k.Dot()))
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func DPad(c *ui.Context, text string, o DPadOptions) DPadResult {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: dpad", "label", text, "arm", res.Pressed)
 	}
 	down := None
-	if k.Now().Sub(lit.at) < 150*time.Millisecond {
+	if k.Elapsed(&lit.at) < 150*time.Millisecond {
 		down = lit.arm
 		k.Tick(c, 10)
 	}
diff --git a/input/editabletext.go b/input/editabletext.go
index 2868124..a792042 100644
--- a/input/editabletext.go
+++ b/input/editabletext.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package input
 
 import (
 	"log/slog"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -41,7 +42,9 @@ func EditableText(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, o EditableTextOptio
 		if s.on {
 			ed, e := field(c, &s.draft, pixel.EditorOptions{Label: text, Placeholder: o.Placeholder}, w, nil, nil, nil)
 			ed.Input.AutoFocus()
-			enter, escape := e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape)
+			// Keys reach the wrapper; the editor's state gates them.
+			on := !ed.Input.IsDisabled()
+			enter, escape := on && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyEnter), on && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyEscape)
 			if enter {
 				res.Changed = *value != s.draft
 				*value = s.draft
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ func EditableText(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, o EditableTextOptio
 			base.Focus()
 			s.refocus = false
 		}
-		enter, double := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.DoubleClicked()
+		enter, double := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), base.DoubleClicked()
 		if enter || double {
 			s.on, s.draft = true, *value
 		}
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ func EditableText(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, o EditableTextOptio
 		})
 	})
 	if res.Changed {
-		slog.Debug("8bit: text edited", "label", text, "value", *value)
+		slog.Debug("8bit: text edited", "label", text, "runes", utf8.RuneCountInString(*value))
 	}
 	return res
 }
diff --git a/input/holdbutton.go b/input/holdbutton.go
index bf410c6..5d569e7 100644
--- a/input/holdbutton.go
+++ b/input/holdbutton.go
@@ -48,28 +48,28 @@ func HoldButton(c *ui.Context, text string, o HoldButtonOptions) HoldButtonResul
 		return ui.ButtonBase(c).Label(text).Description(k.Msg("hold")).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
 	h := ui.Local(base, holdButtonKey{}, func() holding { return holding{} })
-	if o.Disabled {
+	if base.IsDisabled() {
 		*h = holding{}
 	}
 	now := k.Now()
 	// Held keys repeat; each repeat moves the hold on.
-	enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if enter || space {
-		if now.Sub(h.key) > repeatGap {
+		if k.Elapsed(&h.key) > repeatGap {
 			h.since = now
 		}
 		h.key = now
 	}
-	keyed := now.Sub(h.key) <= repeatGap
+	keyed := k.Elapsed(&h.key) <= repeatGap
 	var held time.Duration
 	switch {
 	case st.Press:
 		if h.since.IsZero() {
 			h.since = now
 		}
-		held = now.Sub(h.since)
+		held = k.Elapsed(&h.since)
 	case keyed:
-		held = h.key.Sub(h.since)
+		held = max(0, h.key.Sub(h.since))
 	default:
 		*h = holding{}
 	}
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func HoldButton(c *ui.Context, text string, o HoldButtonOptions) HoldButtonResul
 		slog.Debug("8bit: hold confirmed", "label", text)
 	}
 	if st.Press || keyed {
-		k.Tick(c, 30)
+		k.Tick(c, 15)
 	}
 	steps := min(8, int(held*8/d))
 	fill := pixel.Accent
diff --git a/input/joystick.go b/input/joystick.go
index 7f37883..53159f9 100644
--- a/input/joystick.go
+++ b/input/joystick.go
@@ -42,23 +42,23 @@ func Joystick(c *ui.Context, text string, o JoystickOptions) JoystickResult {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
 	s := ui.Local(base, stickKey{}, func() stick { return stick{} })
-	ox, oy, now := s.x, s.y, k.Now()
+	ox, oy, now, on := s.x, s.y, k.Now(), !base.IsDisabled()
 	for _, m := range []struct {
 		key    ui.Key
 		dx, dy float64
 	}{{ui.KeyLeft, -0.25, 0}, {ui.KeyRight, 0.25, 0}, {ui.KeyUp, 0, -0.25}, {ui.KeyDown, 0, 0.25}} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 			s.x, s.y, s.key = s.x+m.dx, s.y+m.dy, now
 		}
 	}
 	_, _, held := base.Dragged()
 	switch {
-	case held && !o.Disabled:
+	case held && on:
 		px, py, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 		s.x = (float64(px/k.Dot()) - stickSize/2) / stickReach
 		s.y = (float64(py/k.Dot()) - stickSize/2) / stickReach
 		s.key = time.Time{}
-	case now.Sub(s.key) > repeatGap:
+	case k.Elapsed(&s.key) > repeatGap:
 		s.x, s.y = 0, 0
 	default:
 		k.Tick(c, 10)
diff --git a/input/knob.go b/input/knob.go
index 0df8ba4..4cecec6 100644
--- a/input/knob.go
+++ b/input/knob.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func Knob(c *ui.Context, text string, value *float64, o KnobOptions) KnobResult
 	old, set := *value, r.snap(value)
 	// raw is the unrounded value a drag carries.
 	raw := ui.Local(base, knobKey{}, func() float64 { return *value })
-	if !o.Disabled {
+	if !base.IsDisabled() {
 		if _, dy, held := base.Dragged(); held {
 			*raw = max(lo, min(hi, *raw-float64(dy/k.Dot())*(hi-lo)/64))
 			set(*raw)
diff --git a/input/multiselect.go b/input/multiselect.go
index 977233d..2b4e296 100644
--- a/input/multiselect.go
+++ b/input/multiselect.go
@@ -24,21 +24,26 @@ type MultiSelectResult struct {
 
 type multiKey struct{}
 
+// popup is open, and held the focus last frame.
+type popup struct{ open, held bool }
+
 // MultiSelect checks many options in a popup; tags show them.
 func MultiSelect(c *ui.Context, text string, chosen *[]string, options []string, o MultiSelectOptions) MultiSelectResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
 		return ui.ButtonBase(c).Role(ui.RolePopUpButton).Label(text).Description(strings.Join(*chosen, ", ")).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
-	open := ui.Local(base, multiKey{}, func() bool { return false })
+	pop := ui.Local(base, multiKey{}, func() popup { return popup{} })
+	open := &pop.open
 	if o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert {
-		// Closing on disable must not return focus to it.
-		if *open {
-			c.Root().Focus()
+		// A focus in the closing popup parks on the field.
+		if *open && pop.held {
+			base.Focus()
+			pixel.Park(c, base, true)
 		}
 		*open = false
 	}
-	if base.Clicked() || !*open && base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if base.Clicked() || !*open && pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		*open = !*open
 	}
 	shell.Size(k.D(pixel.Or("MultiSelect Width", o.Width, 160)), k.D(pixel.LineHeight+4)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
@@ -52,6 +57,7 @@ func MultiSelect(c *ui.Context, text string, chosen *[]string, options []string,
 		g.Finish(st)
 	})
 	res := MultiSelectResult{Element: shell}
+	pop.held = false
 	ui.PopoverBase(c, base, open, func(panel *ui.Element) {
 		menu(c, panel, func() {
 			col := ui.Column(c).Gap(k.D(1)).FocusGroup(ui.Vertical)
@@ -62,6 +68,8 @@ func MultiSelect(c *ui.Context, text string, chosen *[]string, options []string,
 					if i == 0 {
 						cb.AutoFocus()
 					}
+					// Focused, not FocusWithin: MyGo links parents after frames.
+					pop.held = pop.held || cb.Focused()
 					if cb.Changed() {
 						res.Changed = true
 						if on {
diff --git a/input/nameentry.go b/input/nameentry.go
index 391a3d2..d612718 100644
--- a/input/nameentry.go
+++ b/input/nameentry.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package input
 
 import (
 	"log/slog"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func NameEntry(c *ui.Context, text string, name *string, o NameEntryOptions) Nam
 		})
 	})
 	if res.Confirmed {
-		slog.Debug("8bit: name entered", "label", text, "name", *name)
+		slog.Debug("8bit: name entered", "label", text, "runes", utf8.RuneCountInString(*name))
 	}
 	return res
 }
diff --git a/input/numberinput.go b/input/numberinput.go
index efcb0ab..6054be7 100644
--- a/input/numberinput.go
+++ b/input/numberinput.go
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ func NumberInput(c *ui.Context, label string, value *float64, o NumberInputOptio
 			*value, st.seen, res.Changed = v, v, true
 		}
 		st.focused = ed.Focused
-		if ed.Input.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(ed.Input, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 			set(*value + step)
 		}
-		if ed.Input.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(ed.Input, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 			set(*value - step)
 		}
 		res.Input, res.Submitted, res.Focused = ed.Input, ed.Submitted, ed.Focused
diff --git a/input/pininput.go b/input/pininput.go
index 4bdb366..f87dc89 100644
--- a/input/pininput.go
+++ b/input/pininput.go
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ type PinInputResult struct {
 
 type pinKey struct{}
 
+// pin: a change since last frame, and the prior value.
+type pin struct {
+	changed bool
+	kept    string
+}
+
 const pinBox, pinGap = 12, 4
 
 // PinInput types digits into boxes; Backspace goes back, paste fills.
@@ -31,7 +37,12 @@ func PinInput(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, o PinInputOptions) PinI
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleTextField).Label(text).Description(*value).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
-	changed := ui.Local(base, pinKey{}, func() bool { return false })
+	p := ui.Local(base, pinKey{}, func() pin { return pin{} })
+	changed := &p.changed
+	// The handler runs before this frame knows it is off.
+	if p.changed && base.IsDisabled() {
+		*value, p.changed = p.kept, false
+	}
 	put := func(s string) {
 		for _, r := range s {
 			if r >= '0' && r <= '9' && len(*value) < n {
@@ -41,6 +52,9 @@ func PinInput(c *ui.Context, text string, value *string, o PinInputOptions) PinI
 		}
 	}
 	base.HandleInput(func(ev ui.InputEvent) bool {
+		if !p.changed {
+			p.kept = *value
+		}
 		switch {
 		case ev.Kind == ui.InputText:
 			put(ev.Text)
diff --git a/input/radio.go b/input/radio.go
index 001824c..46ea6be 100644
--- a/input/radio.go
+++ b/input/radio.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func Radio[T comparable](c *ui.Context, text string, value T, selected *T, o Rad
 		return ui.CheckboxBase(c, &on).Role(ui.RoleRadio).Label(text).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
 	res := RadioResult{Element: shell}
-	if base.Changed() && !was {
+	if base.Changed() && !was && !base.IsDisabled() {
 		*selected, res.Changed = value, true
 		slog.Debug("8bit: radio", "label", text)
 	}
diff --git a/input/radiogroup.go b/input/radiogroup.go
index 8ae8034..582e3d7 100644
--- a/input/radiogroup.go
+++ b/input/radiogroup.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func RadioGroup(c *ui.Context, labels []string, selected *int, o RadioGroupOptio
 			}
 			// Arrow moves show focus and choose; Tab entry does not.
 			moved := base.FocusVisible() && *last >= 0 && *last != i
-			if !was && (base.Changed() || moved) {
+			if !was && (base.Changed() || moved) && !base.IsDisabled() {
 				*selected, res.Changed = i, true
 			}
 			shell.Size(k.D(12+pixel.Measure(l)), k.D(pixel.LineHeight)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
diff --git a/input/rangeslider.go b/input/rangeslider.go
index 4fa2b8c..a856756 100644
--- a/input/rangeslider.go
+++ b/input/rangeslider.go
@@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ func knob(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit, track *ui.Element, v *float64, r rail, lo,
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleSlider).Label(r.label).Description(fmtValue(*v)).Disabled(r.disabled)
 	})
 	set := func(x float64) { *v = max(r.lo, min(r.hi, x)) }
-	if !r.disabled {
+	if !base.IsDisabled() {
 		if _, _, held := base.Dragged(); held {
 			px, _, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 			t := track.Bounds()
 			set(lo + float64((base.Bounds().X+px-t.X)/max(1, t.W))*(hi-lo))
 		}
 		step := (hi - lo) / 20
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 			set(*v - step)
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 			set(*v + step)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/input/rating.go b/input/rating.go
index 459dcca..eb6afa7 100644
--- a/input/rating.go
+++ b/input/rating.go
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func Rating(c *ui.Context, text string, value *int, o RatingOptions) RatingResul
 			}
 			// Arrow moves show focus and choose; clicks toggle.
 			switch {
+			case base.IsDisabled():
 			case base.Changed() && was:
 				*value, res.Changed = 0, true
 			case base.Changed(), base.FocusVisible() && *last >= 0 && *last != i && !was:
diff --git a/input/searchfield.go b/input/searchfield.go
index f1abfe3..a9fc364 100644
--- a/input/searchfield.go
+++ b/input/searchfield.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ type SearchFieldResult = TextInputResult
 // SearchField has a magnifier; Escape clears, Enter submits.
 func SearchField(c *ui.Context, label string, value *string, o SearchFieldOptions) SearchFieldResult {
 	ed, e := field(c, value, pixel.EditorOptions{Label: label, Placeholder: o.Placeholder, Disabled: o.Disabled}, o.Width, nil, icon.Search, nil)
-	if ed.Input.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape) && *value != "" {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(ed.Input, 0, ui.KeyEscape) && *value != "" {
 		*value, ed.Changed = "", true
 	}
 	return result(e, ed, label)
diff --git a/input/segmented.go b/input/segmented.go
index 59177ab..75e4951 100644
--- a/input/segmented.go
+++ b/input/segmented.go
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ type SegmentedResult struct {
 // Segmented joins segments choosing one; arrows move.
 func Segmented(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, o SegmentedOptions) SegmentedResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
-	p := ui.SegmentedBase(c, selected, len(labels))
+	// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+	v := *selected
+	p := ui.SegmentedBase(c, &v, len(labels))
 	w := 0
 	for _, l := range labels {
 		w += pixel.Measure(l) + 12
@@ -49,8 +51,9 @@ func Segmented(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, o Seg
 			})
 		}
 	})
-	res := SegmentedResult{Element: p.Track, Changed: p.Track.Changed()}
+	res := SegmentedResult{Element: p.Track, Changed: v != *selected && !o.Disabled && !pixel.Current(c).Inert}
 	if res.Changed {
+		*selected = v
 		slog.Debug("8bit: segmented", "label", text, "selected", *selected)
 	}
 	return res
diff --git a/input/slider.go b/input/slider.go
index f04acb4..2a8029b 100644
--- a/input/slider.go
+++ b/input/slider.go
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func (r rail) keys(base *ui.Element, v *float64, set func(float64)) {
 		{ui.KeyRight, func() float64 { return *v + step }}, {ui.KeyUp, func() float64 { return *v + step }},
 		{ui.KeyHome, func() float64 { return r.lo }}, {ui.KeyEnd, func() float64 { return r.hi }},
 	} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, kd.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, kd.key) {
 			set(kd.to())
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/input/slotpicker.go b/input/slotpicker.go
index 1addc62..08cbd7c 100644
--- a/input/slotpicker.go
+++ b/input/slotpicker.go
@@ -42,21 +42,26 @@ func SlotPicker(c *ui.Context, text string, value *int, options []string, o Slot
 		s.changed = true
 	}
 	row := k.D(pixel.LineHeight)
+	// The handler runs before this frame knows it is off.
 	base.HandleInput(func(ev ui.InputEvent) bool {
-		if ev.Kind != ui.InputScroll || o.Disabled {
+		if ev.Kind != ui.InputScroll {
 			return false
 		}
 		s.wheel += ev.DY
-		turn(&s.wheel, row, spin)
 		return true
 	})
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if base.IsDisabled() {
+		s.wheel = 0
+	}
+	turn(&s.wheel, row, spin)
+	on := !base.IsDisabled()
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		spin(1)
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		spin(-1)
 	}
-	if _, dy, held := base.Dragged(); held && !o.Disabled {
+	if _, dy, held := base.Dragged(); held && on {
 		s.drag += dy
 		turn(&s.drag, row, func(d int) { spin(-d) })
 	} else {
diff --git a/input/stepper.go b/input/stepper.go
index 4c478d1..a384444 100644
--- a/input/stepper.go
+++ b/input/stepper.go
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ func Stepper(c *ui.Context, text string, value *int, o StepperOptions) StepperRe
 			return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleStepper).Label(text).Description(strconv.Itoa(*value)).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 		})
 		if !o.Disabled {
-			if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 				set(*value - step)
 			}
-			if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 				set(*value + step)
 			}
 		}
@@ -96,8 +96,9 @@ func held(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit, sp *pixel.Sprite, disabled bool) int {
 		*h = hold{since: k.Now(), n: 1}
 		return 1
 	}
-	want := 1 + max(0, int((k.Now().Sub(h.since)-400*time.Millisecond)/(100*time.Millisecond)))
-	n := want - h.n
-	h.n = want
+	want := 1 + max(0, int((k.Elapsed(&h.since)-400*time.Millisecond)/(100*time.Millisecond)))
+	// A clock stepping back restarts the count, never reverses it.
+	n := max(0, want-h.n)
+	h.n = max(h.n, want)
 	return n
 }
diff --git a/input/switch.go b/input/switch.go
index 2cc299a..a93b21b 100644
--- a/input/switch.go
+++ b/input/switch.go
@@ -22,7 +22,13 @@ type SwitchResult struct {
 // Switch is a lever on an OFF/ON plate.
 func Switch(c *ui.Context, text string, on *bool, o SwitchOptions) SwitchResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
-	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element { return ui.SwitchBase(c, on).Label(label(o.Label, text)).Disabled(o.Disabled) })
+	// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+	v := *on
+	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element { return ui.SwitchBase(c, &v).Label(label(o.Label, text)).Disabled(o.Disabled) })
+	changed := v != *on && !base.IsDisabled()
+	if changed {
+		*on = v
+	}
 	shell.Size(k.D(32+pixel.Measure(text)), k.D(pixel.LineHeight)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 		g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 		g.Frame(0, 1, 27, 14, pixel.Raised, pixel.Shade)
@@ -43,7 +49,7 @@ func Switch(c *ui.Context, text string, on *bool, o SwitchOptions) SwitchResult
 		g.Text(32, 0, text, ink, 1)
 		g.Finish(st)
 	})
-	res := SwitchResult{Element: shell, Changed: base.Changed()}
+	res := SwitchResult{Element: shell, Changed: changed}
 	if res.Changed {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: switch", "label", text, "on", *on)
 	}
diff --git a/input/taken_keys_test.go b/input/taken_keys_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c38d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/input/taken_keys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package input_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/input"
+)
+
+func TestDPadKeysDoNotClickWhereThePointerRests(t *testing.T) {
+	var pressed []input.Direction
+	tt := view(300, 200, nil, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if r := input.DPad(c, "Pad", input.DPadOptions{}); r.Pressed != input.None {
+			pressed = append(pressed, r.Pressed)
+		}
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Pad")
+	// The pointer rests on the up arm.
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/6)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if len(pressed) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Space and Enter pressed %v", pressed)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/input/toggle.go b/input/toggle.go
index 5d5cb41..5b3045b 100644
--- a/input/toggle.go
+++ b/input/toggle.go
@@ -25,9 +25,15 @@ type ToggleResult struct {
 func Toggle(c *ui.Context, text string, on *bool, o ToggleOptions) ToggleResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	h, pad, top, sc := o.Size.metrics()
+	// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+	v := *on
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-		return ui.ToggleBase(c, on).Label(label(o.Label, text)).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+		return ui.ToggleBase(c, &v).Label(label(o.Label, text)).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
+	changed := v != *on && !base.IsDisabled()
+	if changed {
+		*on = v
+	}
 	lead := 0
 	if o.Icon != nil {
 		lead = o.Icon.W
@@ -44,7 +50,7 @@ func Toggle(c *ui.Context, text string, on *bool, o ToggleOptions) ToggleResult
 		g.Text(pad+lead, top+dy, text, ink, sc)
 		g.Finish(st)
 	})
-	res := ToggleResult{Element: shell, Changed: base.Changed()}
+	res := ToggleResult{Element: shell, Changed: changed}
 	if res.Changed {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: toggle", "label", label(o.Label, text), "on", *on)
 	}
diff --git a/input/togglegroup.go b/input/togglegroup.go
index 1db0aa3..57ef892 100644
--- a/input/togglegroup.go
+++ b/input/togglegroup.go
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ func ToggleGroup(c *ui.Context, labels []string, on []bool, o ToggleGroupOptions
 	res := ToggleGroupResult{}
 	res.Element = ui.Row(c).Role(ui.RoleToolbar).Label(o.Label).FocusGroup(ui.Horizontal).Children(func() {
 		for i, l := range labels {
-			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, &on[i]).Label(l).Disabled(o.Disabled) })
+			// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+			v := on[i]
+			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element { return ui.ToggleBase(c, &v).Label(l).Disabled(o.Disabled) })
 			if i > 0 {
 				shell.Margin(0, 0, 0, k.D(-1))
 			}
@@ -42,8 +44,8 @@ func ToggleGroup(c *ui.Context, labels []string, on []bool, o ToggleGroupOptions
 				g.Text(pad, top+dy, l, ink, sc)
 				g.Finish(st)
 			})
-			if base.Changed() {
-				res.Changed = true
+			if v != on[i] && !base.IsDisabled() {
+				on[i], res.Changed = v, true
 				if o.Single && on[i] {
 					for j := range on {
 						on[j] = j == i
diff --git a/input/tokenfield.go b/input/tokenfield.go
index a43524e..0a9e28d 100644
--- a/input/tokenfield.go
+++ b/input/tokenfield.go
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ func TokenField(c *ui.Context, text string, tokens *[]string, o TokenFieldOption
 	e := ui.Row(c).Wrap().Width(k.D(pixel.Or("TokenField Width", o.Width, 200))).Padding(k.D(3), k.D(4)).Gap(k.D(3)).AlignItems(ui.Center)
 	e.Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(text).Description(strings.Join(*tokens, ", "))
 	draft := ui.Local(e, tokenKey{}, func() string { return "" })
+	// The row stays enabled, so off is checked here.
+	off := o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert
 	res := TokenFieldResult{Element: e}
 	add := func(s string) {
 		if s = strings.TrimSpace(s); s != "" && !slices.Contains(*tokens, s) {
@@ -41,17 +43,17 @@ func TokenField(c *ui.Context, text string, tokens *[]string, o TokenFieldOption
 		}
 	}
 	// A comma typed since the last frame cuts the draft.
-	if parts := strings.Split(*draft, ","); len(parts) > 1 {
+	if parts := strings.Split(*draft, ","); len(parts) > 1 && !off {
 		for _, p := range parts[:len(parts)-1] {
 			add(p)
 		}
 		*draft = parts[len(parts)-1]
 	}
-	if e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) {
+	if !off && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyEnter) {
 		add(*draft)
 		*draft = ""
 	}
-	if *draft == "" && len(*tokens) > 0 && e.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyBackspace) {
+	if !off && *draft == "" && len(*tokens) > 0 && pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, ui.KeyBackspace) {
 		*tokens, res.Changed = (*tokens)[:len(*tokens)-1], true
 	}
 	var ed pixel.Edit
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ func TokenField(c *ui.Context, text string, tokens *[]string, o TokenFieldOption
 	focus := ed.Focused
 	e.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) { well(k.Canvas(p, r), pixel.Edge, focus) })
 	if res.Changed {
-		slog.Debug("8bit: tokens", "label", text, "tokens", *tokens)
+		slog.Debug("8bit: tokens", "label", text, "tokens", len(*tokens))
 	}
 	return res
 }
diff --git a/input/turns_test.go b/input/turns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c6f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/input/turns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package input_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/input"
+)
+
+// turnCase builds a control on fresh state, and reads it.
+type turnCase func() (build func(c *ui.Context), value func() string)
+
+func TestKeysInAVeilsFirstFrameTurnNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		mk   turnCase
+		tabs int
+		key  ui.Key
+	}{
+		"Toggle": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			on := false
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.Toggle(c, "Mute", &on, input.ToggleOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(on) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeySpace},
+		"Switch": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			on := false
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.Switch(c, "Sound", &on, input.SwitchOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(on) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeySpace},
+		"Checkbox": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			on := false
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.Checkbox(c, "Hard", &on, input.CheckboxOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(on) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeySpace},
+		"Radio": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			v := "A"
+			return func(c *ui.Context) {
+				input.Radio(c, "A", "A", &v, input.RadioOptions{})
+				input.Radio(c, "B", "B", &v, input.RadioOptions{})
+			}, func() string { return v }
+		}, 2, ui.KeySpace},
+		"RadioGroup": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			v := 0
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.RadioGroup(c, []string{"A", "B", "C"}, &v, input.RadioGroupOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(v) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeyDown},
+		"Rating": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			v := 2
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.Rating(c, "Stars", &v, input.RatingOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(v) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeyRight},
+		"CheckboxGroup": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			on := []bool{false, false}
+			return func(c *ui.Context) {
+				input.CheckboxGroup(c, "All", []string{"A", "B"}, on, input.CheckboxGroupOptions{})
+			}, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(on) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeySpace},
+		"ToggleGroup": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			on := []bool{false, false}
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.ToggleGroup(c, []string{"B", "I"}, on, input.ToggleGroupOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(on) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeySpace},
+		"Segmented": {func() (func(c *ui.Context), func() string) {
+			v := 0
+			return func(c *ui.Context) { input.Segmented(c, "View", []string{"A", "B"}, &v, input.SegmentedOptions{}) }, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(v) }
+		}, 1, ui.KeyRight},
+	}
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+			build, value := tc.mk()
+			inert := false
+			tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: build}, &inert)
+			for range tc.tabs {
+				tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+			}
+			before := value()
+			inert = veil
+			tt.Key(0, tc.key)
+			if turned := value() != before; turned == veil {
+				t.Errorf("%s: veiled %v, the key turned %s to %s", name, veil, before, value())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/input/typed_log_test.go b/input/typed_log_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b79531b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/input/typed_log_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package input_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/input"
+)
+
+func TestLogsCountWhatWasTyped(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	prev := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	defer slog.SetDefault(prev)
+	name, tags, hero := "", []string{}, "Hero"
+	tt := view(500, 400, nil, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		input.NameEntry(c, "Initials", &name, input.NameEntryOptions{})
+		input.TokenField(c, "Tags", &tags, input.TokenFieldOptions{})
+		input.EditableText(c, "Name", &hero, input.EditableTextOptions{})
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyRight)
+	for range 4 {
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Type("zork")
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	tt.Type("Quux")
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if name != "BBB" || len(tags) != 1 || !strings.HasSuffix(hero, "Quux") {
+		t.Fatalf("typed %q, %q, %q", name, tags, hero)
+	}
+	for _, s := range []string{"BBB", "zork", "Quux"} {
+		if strings.Contains(buf.String(), s) {
+			t.Errorf("the log holds %q", s)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAutocompleteLogsNoWords(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	prev := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	defer slog.SetDefault(prev)
+	q := ""
+	tt := view(400, 200, nil, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		input.Autocomplete(c, "Find", &q, []string{"QuuxSecret"}, input.AutocompleteOptions{})
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Type("Quu")
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	if q != "QuuxSecret" || strings.Contains(buf.String(), "Secret") {
+		t.Fatalf("value %q; the log has the word: %v", q, strings.Contains(buf.String(), "Secret"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComboboxLogsNoWords(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	prev := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	defer slog.SetDefault(prev)
+	v := ""
+	tt := view(400, 300, nil, func(c *ui.Context) { input.Combobox(c, "Find", &v, []string{"QuuxSecret"}, input.ComboboxOptions{}) })
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Type("QuuxSecret")
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if v != "QuuxSecret" || strings.Contains(buf.String(), "QuuxSecret") {
+		t.Fatalf("value %q; the log has the word: %v", v, strings.Contains(buf.String(), "QuuxSecret"))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/input/veil_focus_test.go b/input/veil_focus_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2712067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/input/veil_focus_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package input_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/input"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestMultiSelectGivesPopupFocusBackAfterAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	chosen, inert := []string{}, false
+	tt := view(400, 300, &clock{time.Unix(3_000_000, 0)}, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() {
+			input.MultiSelect(c, "Party", &chosen, []string{"Mage", "Rogue"}, input.MultiSelectOptions{})
+		})
+		pixel.Text(c, "Elsewhere", pixel.TextOptions{})
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+	// Focus on Mage, not the root that holds everything.
+	if !tt.Focused("Mage") || tt.Focused("Elsewhere") {
+		t.Fatalf("focus is not in the popup: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	inert = true
+	tt.Frame()
+	inert = false
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+	if !tt.HasText("Rogue") {
+		t.Fatal("the field did not get its focus back after the veil")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/input/veil_input_test.go b/input/veil_input_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6c6b12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/input/veil_input_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+package input_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/input"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+// veilCase is a control, its value, key and drag.
+type veilCase struct {
+	label string
+	build func(c *ui.Context)
+	value func() string
+	key   ui.Key
+	// dx, dy move the pointer; zeros skip the drag.
+	dx, dy float32
+}
+
+func veilCases() map[string]func() veilCase {
+	return map[string]func() veilCase{
+		"Knob": func() veilCase {
+			v := 50.0
+			return veilCase{"Gain", func(c *ui.Context) { input.Knob(c, "Gain", &v, input.KnobOptions{Max: 100}) },
+				func() string { return fmt.Sprint(v) }, ui.KeyUp, 0, -20}
+		},
+		"RangeSlider": func() veilCase {
+			lo, hi := 20.0, 80.0
+			return veilCase{"Band low", func(c *ui.Context) {
+				input.RangeSlider(c, "Band", &lo, &hi, input.RangeSliderOptions{Max: 100})
+			}, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(lo, hi) }, ui.KeyRight, 20, 0}
+		},
+		"SlotPicker": func() veilCase {
+			v := 1
+			return veilCase{"Reel", func(c *ui.Context) {
+				input.SlotPicker(c, "Reel", &v, []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"}, input.SlotPickerOptions{})
+			}, func() string { return fmt.Sprint(v) }, ui.KeyDown, 0, -40}
+		},
+		"NumberInput": func() veilCase {
+			v := 5.0
+			return veilCase{"Lives", func(c *ui.Context) { input.NumberInput(c, "Lives", &v, input.NumberInputOptions{Max: 9}) },
+				func() string { return fmt.Sprint(v) }, ui.KeyUp, 0, 0}
+		},
+		"Joystick": func() veilCase {
+			var r input.JoystickResult
+			return veilCase{"Stick", func(c *ui.Context) { r = input.Joystick(c, "Stick", input.JoystickOptions{}) },
+				func() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%.2f %.2f", r.X, r.Y) }, ui.KeyRight, 12, 0}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// underVeil builds tc where the test raises a veil.
+func underVeil(tc veilCase, inert *bool) *ui.Tester {
+	return view(400, 300, nil, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = *inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() { tc.build(c) })
+	})
+}
+
+func TestVeilsStopDragsAndKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, mk := range veilCases() {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc := mk(); tc.dx != 0 || tc.dy != 0 {
+				inert := false
+				tt := underVeil(tc, &inert)
+				r := find(t, tt, tc.label)
+				x, y := r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2
+				start := tc.value()
+				tt.Press(x, y)
+				tt.Move(x+tc.dx, y+tc.dy)
+				moved := tc.value()
+				if moved == start {
+					t.Fatalf("the drag did nothing to %s", start)
+				}
+				inert = true
+				tt.Move(x+2*tc.dx, y+2*tc.dy)
+				// A stick let go is centered; values stay.
+				if got := tc.value(); got != moved && got != "0.00 0.00" {
+					t.Errorf("a drag under the veil moved %s to %s", moved, got)
+				}
+				tt.Release(x+2*tc.dx, y+2*tc.dy)
+			}
+			tc, inert := mk(), false
+			tt := underVeil(tc, &inert)
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+			before := tc.value()
+			inert = true
+			tt.Key(0, tc.key)
+			if got := tc.value(); got != before {
+				t.Errorf("a key in the veil's first frame moved %s to %s", before, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSlotPickerWheelStopsUnderAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	v, inert := 1, true
+	tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) {
+		input.SlotPicker(c, "Reel", &v, []string{"A", "B", "C", "D"}, input.SlotPickerOptions{})
+	}}, &inert)
+	r := find(t, tt, "Reel")
+	tt.Scroll(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, 0, 100)
+	if v != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("the wheel turned a veiled reel to %d", v)
+	}
+	inert = false
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Scroll(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, 0, 100)
+	if v == 1 {
+		t.Fatal("the wheel did not turn the reel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVeilStopsHoldsAndPicks(t *testing.T) {
+	// HoldButton: Space repeats, and the veil falls with the last.
+	clk, inert, confirmed := &clock{time.Unix(3_000_000, 0)}, false, 0
+	tt := view(400, 200, clk, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() {
+			if input.HoldButton(c, "ERASE", input.HoldButtonOptions{}).Confirmed {
+				confirmed++
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	for i := range 3 {
+		inert = i == 2
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+		clk.t = clk.t.Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	tt.Frame()
+	if confirmed != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("a hold finished under the veil")
+	}
+	// Autocomplete and Combobox: Tab or Enter as the veil falls.
+	for name, build := range map[string]func(c *ui.Context, v *string){
+		"Autocomplete": func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			input.Autocomplete(c, "Hero", v, []string{"Quux"}, input.AutocompleteOptions{})
+		},
+		"Combobox": func(c *ui.Context, v *string) {
+			input.Combobox(c, "Hero", v, []string{"Quux"}, input.ComboboxOptions{})
+		},
+	} {
+		v, inert := "", false
+		tt := view(400, 300, nil, func(c *ui.Context) {
+			s := pixel.Current(c)
+			s.Inert = inert
+			pixel.Scope(c, s, func() { build(c, &v) })
+		})
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		tt.Type("Qu")
+		inert = true
+		tt.Key(0, map[string]ui.Key{"Autocomplete": ui.KeyTab, "Combobox": ui.KeyEnter}[name])
+		if v != "Qu" {
+			t.Errorf("%s: a key as the veil fell made %q", name, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVeilStopsTyping(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, tc := range map[string]struct {
+		build func(c *ui.Context, v *string, tags *[]string)
+		// last is the key or text coming with the veil.
+		last string
+	}{
+		// The editor turns the typed letter away.
+		"TextInput": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string, _ *[]string) { input.TextInput(c, "Name", v, input.TextInputOptions{}) }, "Z"},
+		"TokenField": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string, tags *[]string) {
+			input.TokenField(c, "Tags", tags, input.TokenFieldOptions{})
+		}, "enter"},
+		"TokenField comma": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string, tags *[]string) {
+			input.TokenField(c, "Tags", tags, input.TokenFieldOptions{})
+		}, ","},
+		"EditableText": {func(c *ui.Context, v *string, _ *[]string) {
+			input.EditableText(c, "Hero", v, input.EditableTextOptions{})
+		}, "enter"},
+	} {
+		v, tags, inert := "before", []string{}, false
+		tt := view(400, 200, nil, func(c *ui.Context) {
+			s := pixel.Current(c)
+			s.Inert = inert
+			pixel.Scope(c, s, func() { tc.build(c, &v, &tags) })
+		})
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		if name == "EditableText" {
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+		}
+		tt.Type("ab")
+		inert = true
+		if tc.last == "enter" {
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+		} else {
+			tt.Type(tc.last)
+		}
+		if want := map[string]string{"TextInput": "beforeab", "EditableText": "before"}[name]; want != "" && v != want || len(tags) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: a key as the veil fell left %q, tags %q", name, v, tags)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRadioGroupSpaceAsAVeilFallsTurnsNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	sel, inert := 0, false
+	tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) {
+		input.RadioGroup(c, []string{"A", "B", "C"}, &sel, input.RadioGroupOptions{})
+	}}, &inert)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+	// Focus stays on B as the caller sets A again.
+	sel = 0
+	tt.Frame()
+	inert = true
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if sel != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Space as the veil fell chose %d", sel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditorKeepsTheCallersValueAsAVeilFalls(t *testing.T) {
+	v, inert := "before", false
+	tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) { input.TextInput(c, "Text", &v, input.TextInputOptions{}) }}, &inert)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	// The caller writes as the veil falls on a letter.
+	v, inert = "server", true
+	tt.Type("x")
+	if v != "server" {
+		t.Fatalf("the caller's value became %q", v)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlersActNotAsAVeilFalls(t *testing.T) {
+	// PinInput: a digit typed as the veil or Disabled falls.
+	for _, kind := range []string{"inert", "disabled"} {
+		v, inert, off, complete := "123", false, false, 0
+		tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) {
+			if input.PinInput(c, "PIN", &v, input.PinInputOptions{Disabled: off}).Complete {
+				complete++
+			}
+		}}, &inert)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		inert, off = kind == "inert", kind == "disabled"
+		tt.Type("4")
+		if v != "123" || complete != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("PinInput %s: %q, complete %d", kind, v, complete)
+		}
+	}
+	// CheatCode: the code's last key comes with the veil.
+	inert, wins := false, 0
+	tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if input.CheatCode(c, "Code", input.CheatCodeOptions{Sequence: []ui.Key{ui.KeyB, ui.KeyA}}).Unlocked {
+			wins++
+		}
+	}}, &inert)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyB)
+	inert = true
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyA)
+	if wins != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("the code unlocked under the veil %d times", wins)
+	}
+	// SlotPicker: a wheel notch comes with the veil.
+	slot := 0
+	inert = false
+	tt = underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) {
+		input.SlotPicker(c, "Slots", &slot, []string{"A", "B", "C"}, input.SlotPickerOptions{})
+	}}, &inert)
+	r := find(t, tt, "Slots")
+	inert = true
+	tt.Scroll(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, 0, 40)
+	if slot != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("the wheel turned a veiled reel to %d", slot)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestComboboxPicksNothingAsAVeilFalls(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, kind := range []string{"inert", "disabled"} {
+		inert, off, v, chosen := false, false, "", 0
+		tt := underVeil(veilCase{build: func(c *ui.Context) {
+			if input.Combobox(c, "Combo", &v, []string{"Alpha", "Beta"}, input.ComboboxOptions{Disabled: off}).Chosen {
+				chosen++
+			}
+		}}, &inert)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+		r := find(t, tt, "Beta")
+		// The press comes before the veil, the release after.
+		tt.Press(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2)
+		inert, off = kind == "inert", kind == "disabled"
+		tt.Release(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2)
+		if v != "" || chosen != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("%s: picked %q, %d times", kind, v, chosen)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStepperHoldNeverRunsBackward(t *testing.T) {
+	clk, v := &clock{time.Unix(1_700_000_000, 0)}, 50
+	tt := view(400, 100, clk, func(c *ui.Context) { input.Stepper(c, "Step", &v, input.StepperOptions{Max: 100}) })
+	r := find(t, tt, "Step")
+	tt.Press(r.X+r.W+12, r.Y+r.H/2)
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(time.Second)
+	tt.Frame()
+	before := v
+	clk.t = clk.t.Add(-time.Hour)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if before <= 51 || v < before {
+		t.Fatalf("a held + went %d, then %d", before, v)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/archtest/archtest_test.go b/internal/archtest/archtest_test.go
index 93318fe..1bd5560 100644
--- a/internal/archtest/archtest_test.go
+++ b/internal/archtest/archtest_test.go
@@ -162,6 +162,10 @@ func TestNoBannedCalls(t *testing.T) {
 				if pkg && isUI(sel.X, "", imported) && bannedFuncs[sel.Sel.Name] || !pkg && bannedMethods[sel.Sel.Name] {
 					t.Errorf("%s: banned call %s", f.path, sel.Sel.Name)
 				}
+				// An element's keys go through pixel.Shortcut; c's are the window's.
+				if id, ok := sel.X.(*ast.Ident); sel.Sel.Name == "Shortcut" && !pkg && !(ok && id.Name == "c") {
+					t.Errorf("%s: %s.Shortcut skips the enabled check; use pixel.Shortcut", f.path, receiver(sel.X))
+				}
 			}
 			return true
 		})
@@ -269,3 +273,61 @@ func TestWebScripts(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("found %d web scripts; the walk is broken", seen)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestComponentsTakeTheirOptions holds PRD 5.1's shape: Name takes NameOptions.
+func TestComponentsTakeTheirOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, f := range files(t) {
+		tier, ok := tiers[f.pkg]
+		if !ok || tier < 2 || tier > 6 || strings.HasSuffix(f.path, "_test.go") {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, d := range f.ast.Decls {
+			fn, ok := d.(*ast.FuncDecl)
+			// Undrawn bases, as MyGo's own, are parts, not components.
+			if !ok || fn.Recv != nil || !fn.Name.IsExported() || strings.HasSuffix(fn.Name.Name, "Base") || len(fn.Type.Params.List) == 0 || !isContext(fn.Type.Params.List[0].Type) {
+				continue
+			}
+			want := fn.Name.Name + "Options"
+			if !slices.ContainsFunc(fn.Type.Params.List, func(p *ast.Field) bool { return typeName(p.Type) == want }) {
+				t.Errorf("%s: %s takes no %s", f.path, fn.Name.Name, want)
+			}
+			if r := fn.Type.Results; r != nil && len(r.List) == 1 && strings.HasSuffix(typeName(r.List[0].Type), "Result") && typeName(r.List[0].Type) != fn.Name.Name+"Result" {
+				t.Errorf("%s: %s returns %s", f.path, fn.Name.Name, typeName(r.List[0].Type))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// isContext reports whether x is *ui.Context.
+func isContext(x ast.Expr) bool {
+	star, ok := x.(*ast.StarExpr)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	sel, ok := star.X.(*ast.SelectorExpr)
+	return ok && sel.Sel.Name == "Context"
+}
+
+// typeName is a plain or generic type's name, else "".
+func typeName(x ast.Expr) string {
+	switch x := x.(type) {
+	case *ast.Ident:
+		return x.Name
+	case *ast.IndexExpr:
+		return typeName(x.X)
+	case *ast.IndexListExpr:
+		return typeName(x.X)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// receiver names a selector's receiver for a message.
+func receiver(x ast.Expr) string {
+	switch x := x.(type) {
+	case *ast.Ident:
+		return x.Name
+	case *ast.SelectorExpr:
+		return receiver(x.X) + "." + x.Sel.Name
+	}
+	return "an element"
+}
diff --git a/layout/layers.go b/layout/layers.go
index 46c70b3..579937e 100644
--- a/layout/layers.go
+++ b/layout/layers.go
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package layout
 
 import "github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
+type LayersOptions struct{}
+
 // Layers stacks layers in a box; the first sizes it.
-func Layers(c *ui.Context, layers ...func()) *ui.Element {
+func Layers(c *ui.Context, o LayersOptions, layers ...func()) *ui.Element {
 	if len(layers) == 0 {
 		panic("layout: Layers needs a layer")
 	}
diff --git a/layout/layout_test.go b/layout/layout_test.go
index c9a4bef..e9195b8 100644
--- a/layout/layout_test.go
+++ b/layout/layout_test.go
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ func TestLayersSizes(t *testing.T) {
 	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
 		use(c)
 		ui.Column(c).AlignItems(ui.Start).Children(func() {
-			auto = layout.Layers(c, func() { ui.Box(c).Size(50, 30) }, func() { ui.Box(c).Fill() })
-			sized = layout.Layers(c, func() { fill = ui.Box(c).Fill() }).Size(120, 64)
+			auto = layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() { ui.Box(c).Size(50, 30) }, func() { ui.Box(c).Fill() })
+			sized = layout.Layers(c, layout.LayersOptions{}, func() { fill = ui.Box(c).Fill() }).Size(120, 64)
 		})
 	}, 400, 300)
 	tt.Frame()
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ func TestTitledContainersAndOrder(t *testing.T) {
 		layout.Card(c, layout.CardOptions{Title: "QUEST", Footer: func() { pixel.Text(c, "FOOT", pixel.TextOptions{}) }}, func() {
 			pixel.Text(c, "BODY", pixel.TextOptions{})
 		})
-		layout.StatusBar(c, "Ready", "Ln 1")
+		layout.StatusBar(c, []string{"Ready", "Ln 1"}, layout.StatusBarOptions{})
 	}, 400, 400)
 	got := tt.Texts()
 	for _, l := range []string{"ITEMS", "Sound", "QUEST", "Ready", "Ln 1"} {
diff --git a/layout/resizable.go b/layout/resizable.go
index 12e4829..c13cdb6 100644
--- a/layout/resizable.go
+++ b/layout/resizable.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func Resizable(c *ui.Context, w, h *int, o ResizableOptions, children func()) Re
 			*w, *h = *w+dx, *h+dy
 		}
 		for key, d := range map[ui.Key][2]int{ui.KeyLeft: {-4, 0}, ui.KeyRight: {4, 0}, ui.KeyUp: {0, -4}, ui.KeyDown: {0, 4}} {
-			if !o.Disabled && base.Shortcut(0, key) {
+			if !o.Disabled && pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, key) {
 				*w, *h = *w+d[0], *h+d[1]
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/layout/split.go b/layout/split.go
index d4c9910..4baee5d 100644
--- a/layout/split.go
+++ b/layout/split.go
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ func Split(c *ui.Context, size *int, o SplitOptions, first, second func()) Split
 			}
 			*size += dx
 		}
-		if !o.Disabled && base.Shortcut(0, back) {
+		if !o.Disabled && pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, back) {
 			*size -= 4
 		}
-		if !o.Disabled && base.Shortcut(0, fwd) {
+		if !o.Disabled && pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, fwd) {
 			*size += 4
 		}
 		*size = limit(*size)
diff --git a/layout/statusbar.go b/layout/statusbar.go
index 193db00..37773e2 100644
--- a/layout/statusbar.go
+++ b/layout/statusbar.go
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
 )
 
+type StatusBarOptions struct{}
+
 // StatusBar shows segments split by sunken dividers; the first grows.
-func StatusBar(c *ui.Context, segments ...string) *ui.Element {
+func StatusBar(c *ui.Context, segments []string, o StatusBarOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	return ui.Row(c).FillWidth().Height(k.D(pixel.LineHeight + 3)).AlignItems(ui.Stretch).Role(ui.RoleStatus).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 		g := k.Canvas(p, r)
diff --git a/media/clock_back_test.go b/media/clock_back_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e32b9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/clock_back_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package media_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/media"
+)
+
+func TestMediaClocksHoldWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := newWorld()
+	var r media.StepSequencerResult
+	tt := view(400, 300, wd, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		r = media.StepSequencer(c, "Sequence", []string{"Kick"}, [][16]bool{{}}, media.StepSequencerOptions{Playing: true})
+	})
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(-200 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if r.Step < 0 {
+		t.Errorf("the playhead sits at step %d", r.Step)
+	}
+	rec := true
+	tt = view(400, 300, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { media.RecordButton(c, "Record", &rec, media.RecordButtonOptions{}) })
+	wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(-1200 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if strings.Contains(strings.Join(tt.Texts(), " "), "-") {
+		t.Errorf("a negative take: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStepSequencerTempoStaysUnderS5(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := fmt.Sprint(recover()); !strings.HasPrefix(r, "media: StepSequencer Tempo") {
+			t.Fatalf("Tempo 300 gave %q", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	// 225 BPM is fifteen steps a second; 300 is twenty.
+	view(400, 300, newWorld(), func(c *ui.Context) {
+		media.StepSequencer(c, "Seq", []string{"Kick"}, [][16]bool{{}}, media.StepSequencerOptions{Tempo: 300})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/media/media.go b/media/media.go
index 2c7ad18..11b70ef 100644
--- a/media/media.go
+++ b/media/media.go
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ func turned(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit, e *ui.Element, playing bool, fps int) in
 	on := playing && !k.Reduce()
 	if on {
 		n := k.Tick(c, fps)
-		if !s.playing {
+		// A clock stepping back rebases, so the count never falls.
+		if !s.playing || n-s.from < s.held {
 			s.from = n - s.held
 		}
 		s.held = n - s.from
diff --git a/media/notes.go b/media/notes.go
index bc15640..861fef0 100644
--- a/media/notes.go
+++ b/media/notes.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
 )
 
 // keyboard plays C4–C5: A–K white, WETYU black.
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ func note(semi int) string {
 func played(e *ui.Element) []int {
 	var out []int
 	for semi, kb := range keyboard {
-		if e.Shortcut(0, kb.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(e, 0, kb.key) {
 			out = append(out, semi)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/media/recordbutton.go b/media/recordbutton.go
index e5d51ac..97ad048 100644
--- a/media/recordbutton.go
+++ b/media/recordbutton.go
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ func RecordButton(c *ui.Context, text string, rec *bool, o RecordButtonOptions)
 	case *rec && tk.since.IsZero():
 		tk.since, tk.took = now, 0
 	case !*rec && !tk.since.IsZero():
-		tk.since, tk.took = time.Time{}, now.Sub(tk.since)
+		tk.since, tk.took = time.Time{}, k.Elapsed(&tk.since)
 	}
 	took, dot := tk.took, recDot
 	if *rec {
-		took = now.Sub(tk.since)
+		took = k.Elapsed(&tk.since)
 		k.At(c, tk.since.Add(took.Truncate(time.Second)+time.Second))
-		if !k.Reduce() && k.Tick(c, 2)%2 == 1 {
+		if !k.Reduce() && k.Tick(c, 4)%4 >= 2 {
 			dot = recOff
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/media/stepsequencer.go b/media/stepsequencer.go
index 593f970..33be927 100644
--- a/media/stepsequencer.go
+++ b/media/stepsequencer.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type StepSequencerOptions struct {
-	// Tempo is BPM, four steps a beat; zero means 120.
+	// Tempo is 1–225 BPM, four steps a beat; zero: 120.
 	Tempo    int
 	Playing  bool
 	Disabled bool
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ func StepSequencer(c *ui.Context, text string, tracks []string, steps [][16]bool
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("media: StepSequencer has %d tracks and %d rows", len(tracks), len(steps)))
 	}
 	tempo := pixel.Or("StepSequencer Tempo", o.Tempo, 120)
+	// S5 caps the playhead at fifteen steps a second.
+	if tempo > 225 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("media: StepSequencer Tempo %d over 225", tempo))
+	}
 	res := StepSequencerResult{Step: -1}
 	labels := 0
 	for _, t := range tracks {
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ func StepSequencer(c *ui.Context, text string, tracks []string, steps [][16]bool
 	// The playhead is the music; Reduce Motion keeps it.
 	if o.Playing {
 		per := time.Minute / time.Duration(4*tempo)
-		n := int(k.Now().Sub(sq.since) / per)
+		n := int(k.Elapsed(&sq.since) / per)
 		res.Step = n % 16
 		k.At(c, sq.since.Add(time.Duration(n+1)*per))
 	}
diff --git a/media/tracker.go b/media/tracker.go
index 805ca5f..69f1de0 100644
--- a/media/tracker.go
+++ b/media/tracker.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func Tracker(c *ui.Context, text string, rows []Row, cur *int, o TrackerOptions)
 			slog.Debug("8bit: tracker", "label", text, "row", *cur, "note", rows[*cur].Note)
 			*cur = min(len(rows)-1, *cur+1)
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDelete) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyBackspace) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDelete) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyBackspace) {
 			rows[*cur], res.Changed = Row{}, true
 			slog.Debug("8bit: tracker", "label", text, "row", *cur, "note", "")
 		}
diff --git a/navigation/commandmenu.go b/navigation/commandmenu.go
index d910055..b674f31 100644
--- a/navigation/commandmenu.go
+++ b/navigation/commandmenu.go
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ func CommandMenu(c *ui.Context, text string, items []MenuItem, o CommandMenuOpti
 			res.Chosen = i
 		}
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		*cur = (*cur + 1) % n
 	}
-	if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		*cur = (*cur + n - 1) % n
 	}
-	enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if enter || space {
 		pick(*cur)
 	}
-	res.Canceled = base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape)
+	res.Canceled = pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEscape)
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
 	if base.Clicked() {
 		_, y, _ := base.PointerPosition()
diff --git a/navigation/commandpalette.go b/navigation/commandpalette.go
index ddcf8d4..c1e7fec 100644
--- a/navigation/commandpalette.go
+++ b/navigation/commandpalette.go
@@ -68,16 +68,16 @@ func CommandPalette(c *ui.Context, text string, commands []MenuItem, open *bool,
 			if f.Changed {
 				st.lit = 0
 			}
-			if f.Element.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(f.Element, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 				st.lit++
 			}
-			if f.Element.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(f.Element, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 				st.lit--
 			}
 			st.lit = max(0, min(st.lit, len(shown)-1))
 			st.top = max(0, min(st.top, st.lit, len(shown)-paletteRows), st.lit-paletteRows+1)
 			// A Shortcut, not Submitted: the frame builds again closed.
-			if f.Element.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) && len(shown) > 0 {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(f.Element, 0, ui.KeyEnter) && len(shown) > 0 {
 				run(shown[st.lit])
 			}
 			ui.Column(c).AlignItems(ui.Stretch).Children(func() {
diff --git a/navigation/contextmenu.go b/navigation/contextmenu.go
index dfb3504..103d9fe 100644
--- a/navigation/contextmenu.go
+++ b/navigation/contextmenu.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func ContextMenu(c *ui.Context, text string, items []MenuItem, o ContextMenuOpti
 		s.x, s.y, _ = area.PointerPosition()
 		s.m.show(items)
 	}
-	key, shiftF10 := area.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyContextMenu), area.Shortcut(ui.Shift, ui.KeyF10)
+	key, shiftF10 := pixel.Shortcut(area, 0, ui.KeyContextMenu), pixel.Shortcut(area, ui.Shift, ui.KeyF10)
 	if (key || shiftF10) && !off {
 		// At the pointer when over the area, else its corner.
 		x, y, over := area.PointerPosition()
diff --git a/navigation/documenttabs.go b/navigation/documenttabs.go
index 72a1fbf..2046798 100644
--- a/navigation/documenttabs.go
+++ b/navigation/documenttabs.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package navigation
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
@@ -30,35 +31,48 @@ type DocumentTabsResult struct {
 // DocumentTabs are closable tabs; × or Delete reports Closed.
 func DocumentTabs(c *ui.Context, text string, titles []string, selected *int, o DocumentTabsOptions) DocumentTabsResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, t := range titles {
+		if seen[t] {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("navigation: DocumentTabs has %q twice", t))
+		}
+		seen[t] = true
+	}
 	res := DocumentTabsResult{Closed: -1}
-	p := ui.TabsBase(c, selected, len(titles))
+	// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+	v := *selected
+	p := ui.TabsBase(c, &v, len(titles))
 	p.List.Label(text).Children(func() {
 		for i, t := range titles {
-			var x *ui.Element
-			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-				tab := p.Tab(i).Label(t).Disabled(o.Disabled)
-				// The × is no Tab stop; Delete closes by keyboard.
-				tab.Children(func() {
-					x = ui.Box(c).Absolute().Right(k.D(4)).Top(k.D(6)).Size(k.D(7), k.D(7)).Role(ui.RoleButton).Label(k.Msg("close") + " " + t)
+			// Keyed by title, so focus follows its tab.
+			ui.Box(c).Key(t).Children(func() {
+				var x *ui.Element
+				shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
+					tab := p.Tab(i).Label(t).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+					// The × is no Tab stop; Delete closes by keyboard.
+					tab.Children(func() {
+						x = ui.Box(c).Absolute().Right(k.D(4)).Top(k.D(6)).Size(k.D(7), k.D(7)).Role(ui.RoleButton).Label(k.Msg("close") + " " + t)
+					})
+					return tab
 				})
-				return tab
-			})
-			if x.Clicked() || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDelete) {
-				res.Closed = i
-			}
-			hot := x.Hovered()
-			shell.Size(k.D(pixel.Measure(t)+24), k.D(pixel.LineHeight+6)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
-				g := k.Canvas(p, r)
-				folder(g, t, i == *selected, false, st)
-				ink := pixel.Faint
-				if hot {
-					ink = pixel.Bad
+				del := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDelete)
+				if x.Clicked() || del {
+					res.Closed = i
 				}
-				g.Sprite(g.W-10, 7, cross, 0, ink, 1)
+				hot := x.Hovered()
+				shell.Size(k.D(pixel.Measure(t)+24), k.D(pixel.LineHeight+6)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+					g := k.Canvas(p, r)
+					folder(g, t, i == *selected, false, st)
+					ink := pixel.Faint
+					if hot {
+						ink = pixel.Bad
+					}
+					g.Sprite(g.W-10, 7, cross, 0, ink, 1)
+				})
 			})
 		}
 	})
-	res.Element, res.Changed = p.List, p.List.Changed()
+	res.Element, res.Changed = p.List, keep(c, v, selected, o.Disabled)
 	if res.Closed >= 0 {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: tab closed", "label", text, "tab", titles[res.Closed])
 	}
diff --git a/navigation/dropdown.go b/navigation/dropdown.go
index 3cad1c8..830f135 100644
--- a/navigation/dropdown.go
+++ b/navigation/dropdown.go
@@ -24,18 +24,15 @@ func DropdownMenu(c *ui.Context, text string, items []MenuItem, o DropdownMenuOp
 	off := o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert
 	b := input.Button(c, text+" ▼", input.ButtonOptions{Label: text, Disabled: o.Disabled})
 	m := ui.Local(b.Element, menuKey{}, func() menu { return menu{lit: -1} })
+	// The button keeps the focus and parks it while off.
 	if off {
-		// Closing on disable must not return focus to it.
-		if m.open {
-			c.Root().Focus()
-		}
 		m.open = false
 	}
 	res := DropdownMenuResult{Element: b.Element, Chosen: -1}
 	switch {
 	case b.Clicked && m.open:
 		m.open = false
-	case b.Clicked, !m.open && !off && b.Element.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown):
+	case b.Clicked, !m.open && !off && pixel.Shortcut(b.Element, 0, ui.KeyDown):
 		m.show(items)
 	}
 	res.Chosen = m.keys(b.Element.Shortcut, items)
diff --git a/navigation/menubar.go b/navigation/menubar.go
index 5dbcf69..30747fa 100644
--- a/navigation/menubar.go
+++ b/navigation/menubar.go
@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ func MenuBar(c *ui.Context, text string, menus []Menu, o MenuBarOptions) MenuBar
 		b.open = i
 		b.m.show(menus[i].Items)
 	}
+	// The title keeps the focus and parks it while off.
 	if off && b.open >= 0 {
-		// Closing on disable must not return focus to it.
-		c.Root().Focus()
 		b.open = -1
 	}
 	if b.open >= 0 && !b.m.open {
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ func MenuBar(c *ui.Context, text string, menus []Menu, o MenuBarOptions) MenuBar
 	n := len(menus)
 	// Left and Right hand an open menu to its neighbor.
 	if b.open >= 0 {
-		left, right := row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft), row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight)
+		left, right := pixel.Shortcut(row, 0, ui.KeyLeft), pixel.Shortcut(row, 0, ui.KeyRight)
 		switch {
 		case left:
 			open((b.open + n - 1) % n)
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ func MenuBar(c *ui.Context, text string, menus []Menu, o MenuBarOptions) MenuBar
 			case t.Clicked:
 				open(i)
 				anchor = t.Element
-			case b.open < 0 && !off && t.Element.FocusWithin() && row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown):
+			case b.open < 0 && !off && t.Element.FocusWithin() && pixel.Shortcut(row, 0, ui.KeyDown):
 				open(i)
 				anchor = t.Element
 			}
diff --git a/navigation/navigation_test.go b/navigation/navigation_test.go
index b61dd95..c72befa 100644
--- a/navigation/navigation_test.go
+++ b/navigation/navigation_test.go
@@ -88,14 +88,15 @@ func TestTabsChooseAndShowTheirPanel(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, side := range []bool{false, true} {
 		tab, changes := 0, 0
 		tt := view(500, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
-			build := navigation.Tabs
-			if side {
-				build = navigation.VerticalTabs
-			}
 			names := []string{"Items", "Magic", "Status"}
-			if build(c, "Menu", names, &tab, navigation.TabsOptions{}, func() {
-				pixel.Text(c, "panel "+names[tab], pixel.TextOptions{})
-			}).Changed {
+			panel := func() { pixel.Text(c, "panel "+names[tab], pixel.TextOptions{}) }
+			changed := false
+			if side {
+				changed = navigation.VerticalTabs(c, "Menu", names, &tab, navigation.VerticalTabsOptions{}, panel).Changed
+			} else {
+				changed = navigation.Tabs(c, "Menu", names, &tab, navigation.TabsOptions{}, panel).Changed
+			}
+			if changed {
 				changes++
 			}
 		})
diff --git a/navigation/pagination.go b/navigation/pagination.go
index 7a6d781..22d6504 100644
--- a/navigation/pagination.go
+++ b/navigation/pagination.go
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ func PageDots(c *ui.Context, text string, page *int, total int, o PageDotsOption
 		{ui.KeyLeft, func() int { return *page - 1 }}, {ui.KeyRight, func() int { return *page + 1 }},
 		{ui.KeyHome, func() int { return 1 }}, {ui.KeyEnd, func() int { return total }},
 	} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 			*page = max(1, min(total, m.to()))
 		}
 	}
 	// Taking Enter and Space keeps keys from clicking.
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-	base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if base.Clicked() {
 		x, _, _ := base.PointerPosition()
 		*page = max(1, min(total, int(x/k.Dot())/8+1))
diff --git a/navigation/rail.go b/navigation/rail.go
index da06c96..04b83ea 100644
--- a/navigation/rail.go
+++ b/navigation/rail.go
@@ -26,14 +26,13 @@ type NavRailResult struct {
 func NavRail(c *ui.Context, text string, items []NavItem, selected *int, o NavRailOptions) NavRailResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	res := NavRailResult{}
+	// The bases turn before they learn they are off.
+	v := *selected
 	res.Element = ui.RadioGroup(c, func() {
 		for i, it := range items {
-			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-				return ui.RadioBase(c, selected, i).Label(it.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+			shell, _, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
+				return ui.RadioBase(c, &v, i).Label(it.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 			})
-			if base.Changed() {
-				res.Changed = true
-			}
 			shell.Size(k.D(22), k.D(22)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 				g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 				ink := pixel.Ink
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ func NavRail(c *ui.Context, text string, items []NavItem, selected *int, o NavRa
 		g.Rect(0, 0, g.W, g.H, pixel.Face)
 		g.VLine(g.W-1, 0, g.H, pixel.Edge)
 	})
-	if res.Changed {
+	if res.Changed = keep(c, v, selected, o.Disabled); res.Changed {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: nav rail", "label", text, "selected", *selected)
 	}
 	return res
@@ -88,14 +87,13 @@ type BottomNavResult struct {
 func BottomNav(c *ui.Context, text string, items []NavItem, selected *int, o BottomNavOptions) BottomNavResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	res := BottomNavResult{}
+	// The bases turn before they learn they are off.
+	v := *selected
 	res.Element = ui.RadioGroup(c, func() {
 		for i, it := range items {
-			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-				return ui.RadioBase(c, selected, i).Label(it.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+			shell, _, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
+				return ui.RadioBase(c, &v, i).Label(it.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 			})
-			if base.Changed() {
-				res.Changed = true
-			}
 			w := max(pixel.Measure(it.Label), 12) + 12
 			shell.Size(k.D(w), k.D(16+pixel.LineHeight)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 				g := k.Canvas(p, r)
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ func BottomNav(c *ui.Context, text string, items []NavItem, selected *int, o Bot
 		g.Rect(0, 0, g.W, g.H, pixel.Face)
 		g.HLine(0, 0, g.W, pixel.Edge)
 	})
-	if res.Changed {
+	if res.Changed = keep(c, v, selected, o.Disabled); res.Changed {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: bottom nav", "label", text, "selected", *selected)
 	}
 	return res
diff --git a/navigation/sidebar.go b/navigation/sidebar.go
index 4d248c8..4280d87 100644
--- a/navigation/sidebar.go
+++ b/navigation/sidebar.go
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ func Sidebar(c *ui.Context, text string, sections []SidebarSection, selected *in
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	w := pixel.Or("Sidebar Width", o.Width, 140)
 	res := SidebarResult{}
-	n := 0
+	// The bases turn before they learn they are off.
+	n, v := 0, *selected
 	res.Element = ui.RadioGroup(c, func() {
 		for _, sec := range sections {
 			if sec.Title != "" {
@@ -45,19 +46,16 @@ func Sidebar(c *ui.Context, text string, sections []SidebarSection, selected *in
 			for _, it := range sec.Items {
 				i := n
 				n++
-				shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-					return ui.RadioBase(c, selected, i).Label(it.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+				shell, _, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
+					return ui.RadioBase(c, &v, i).Label(it.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 				})
-				if base.Changed() {
-					res.Changed = true
-				}
 				shell.Size(k.D(w), k.D(pixel.LineHeight+2)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 					entry(k.Canvas(p, r), it, i == *selected, st)
 				})
 			}
 		}
 	}).Gap(k.D(1)).Label(text)
-	if res.Changed {
+	if res.Changed = keep(c, v, selected, o.Disabled); res.Changed {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: sidebar", "label", text, "selected", *selected)
 	}
 	return res
diff --git a/navigation/tabs.go b/navigation/tabs.go
index 96d005a..6c42c94 100644
--- a/navigation/tabs.go
+++ b/navigation/tabs.go
@@ -23,9 +23,18 @@ func Tabs(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, o TabsOpti
 	return tabs(c, text, labels, selected, false, o, panel)
 }
 
+type VerticalTabsOptions struct {
+	Disabled bool
+}
+
+type VerticalTabsResult struct {
+	Element *ui.Element
+	Changed bool
+}
+
 // VerticalTabs are tabs down the panel's left edge.
-func VerticalTabs(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, o TabsOptions, panel func()) TabsResult {
-	return tabs(c, text, labels, selected, true, o, panel)
+func VerticalTabs(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, o VerticalTabsOptions, panel func()) VerticalTabsResult {
+	return VerticalTabsResult(tabs(c, text, labels, selected, true, TabsOptions(o), panel))
 }
 
 // tabs lays tabs beside a panel; side means left.
@@ -49,7 +58,9 @@ func tabs(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, side bool,
 	}
 	res := TabsResult{Element: outer}
 	outer.Children(func() {
-		p := ui.TabsBase(c, selected, len(labels))
+		// The base turns before it learns it is off.
+		v := *selected
+		p := ui.TabsBase(c, &v, len(labels))
 		if side {
 			p.List.Column().Width(k.D(tw))
 		}
@@ -65,7 +76,7 @@ func tabs(c *ui.Context, text string, labels []string, selected *int, side bool,
 				})
 			}
 		})
-		res.Changed = p.List.Changed()
+		res.Changed = keep(c, v, selected, o.Disabled)
 		at := 0
 		for i := range *selected {
 			at += size(i)
@@ -123,3 +134,12 @@ func folder(g pixel.Canvas, l string, on, side bool, st pixel.State) {
 	}
 	g.Finish(st)
 }
+
+// keep takes v as *selected while the control is on.
+func keep(c *ui.Context, v int, selected *int, disabled bool) bool {
+	if v == *selected || disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert {
+		return false
+	}
+	*selected = v
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/navigation/taken_keys_test.go b/navigation/taken_keys_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887bd54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/navigation/taken_keys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package navigation_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/navigation"
+)
+
+func TestPageDotsKeysDoNotClickWhereThePointerRests(t *testing.T) {
+	page := 1
+	tt := view(400, 200, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		navigation.PageDots(c, "Pages", &page, 9, navigation.PageDotsOptions{})
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Pages")
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W-4, r.Y+r.H/2)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if page != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Space and Enter turned to page %d", page)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpaceTakesTheCursorNotThePointer(t *testing.T) {
+	chosen := -1
+	tt := view(400, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if r := navigation.CommandMenu(c, "Battle", []navigation.MenuItem{{Label: "FIGHT"}, {Label: "MAGIC"}, {Label: "RUN"}}, navigation.CommandMenuOptions{}); r.Chosen >= 0 {
+			chosen = r.Chosen
+		}
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Battle")
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H-6)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if chosen != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Space in the menu chose %d", chosen)
+	}
+	at, entered := 0, 0
+	nodes := []navigation.MapNode{{Name: "Town", X: 20, Y: 20}, {Name: "Cave", X: 120, Y: 20}}
+	tt = view(600, 400, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if navigation.WorldMap(c, "Map", nodes, [][2]int{{0, 1}}, &at, navigation.WorldMapOptions{}).Entered {
+			entered++
+		}
+	})
+	r = find(t, tt, "Map")
+	// The pointer rests on the Cave; the hero is home.
+	tt.Move(r.X+2*120, r.Y+2*20)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if at != 0 || entered != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Space walked to %d, entered %d times", at, entered)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/navigation/toc.go b/navigation/toc.go
index a6a48cc..08df796 100644
--- a/navigation/toc.go
+++ b/navigation/toc.go
@@ -38,14 +38,13 @@ func TableOfContents(c *ui.Context, text string, items []TocItem, current *int,
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	w := pixel.Or("TableOfContents Width", o.Width, 160)
 	res := TableOfContentsResult{}
+	// The bases turn before they learn they are off.
+	v := *current
 	res.Element = ui.RadioGroup(c, func() {
 		for i, it := range items {
-			shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
-				return ui.RadioBase(c, current, i).Label(it.Title).Disabled(o.Disabled)
+			shell, _, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
+				return ui.RadioBase(c, &v, i).Label(it.Title).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 			})
-			if base.Changed() {
-				res.Changed = true
-			}
 			shell.Size(k.D(w), k.D(pixel.LineHeight)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 				g := k.Canvas(p, r)
 				x, ink := 8+it.Level*10, pixel.Faint
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ func TableOfContents(c *ui.Context, text string, items []TocItem, current *int,
 			})
 		}
 	}).Gap(0).Label(text)
-	if res.Changed {
+	if res.Changed = keep(c, v, current, o.Disabled); res.Changed {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: toc", "label", text, "section", items[*current].Title)
 	}
 	return res
diff --git a/navigation/turns_test.go b/navigation/turns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed0b750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/navigation/turns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package navigation_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/icon"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/navigation"
+)
+
+func TestKeysInAVeilsFirstFrameTurnNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	nav := []navigation.NavItem{{Icon: icon.Home, Label: "Home"}, {Icon: icon.Star, Label: "Stars"}}
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		build func(c *ui.Context, v *int)
+		key   ui.Key
+	}{
+		"NavRail":   {func(c *ui.Context, v *int) { navigation.NavRail(c, "Rail", nav, v, navigation.NavRailOptions{}) }, ui.KeyDown},
+		"BottomNav": {func(c *ui.Context, v *int) { navigation.BottomNav(c, "Nav", nav, v, navigation.BottomNavOptions{}) }, ui.KeyRight},
+		"TableOfContents": {func(c *ui.Context, v *int) {
+			navigation.TableOfContents(c, "Contents", []navigation.TocItem{{Title: "Intro"}, {Title: "Rules"}}, v, navigation.TableOfContentsOptions{})
+		}, ui.KeyDown},
+		"Sidebar": {func(c *ui.Context, v *int) {
+			navigation.Sidebar(c, "Side", []navigation.SidebarSection{{Title: "Game", Items: []navigation.SidebarItem{{Label: "Play"}, {Label: "Load"}}}}, v, navigation.SidebarOptions{})
+		}, ui.KeyDown},
+		"Tabs": {func(c *ui.Context, v *int) {
+			navigation.Tabs(c, "Tabs", []string{"Items", "Magic"}, v, navigation.TabsOptions{}, func() {})
+		}, ui.KeyRight},
+		"DocumentTabs": {func(c *ui.Context, v *int) {
+			navigation.DocumentTabs(c, "Docs", []string{"a.txt", "b.txt"}, v, navigation.DocumentTabsOptions{})
+		}, ui.KeyRight},
+	}
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+			v, inert := 0, false
+			tt := veiled(&inert, func(c *ui.Context) { tc.build(c, &v) })
+			tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+			inert = veil
+			tt.Key(0, tc.key)
+			if turned := v != 0; turned == veil {
+				t.Errorf("%s: veiled %v, the key made %s", name, veil, fmt.Sprint(v))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeleteInAVeilsFirstFrameClosesNoTab(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, veil := range []bool{false, true} {
+		v, closed, inert := 0, -1, false
+		tt := veiled(&inert, func(c *ui.Context) {
+			if r := navigation.DocumentTabs(c, "Docs", []string{"a.txt", "b.txt"}, &v, navigation.DocumentTabsOptions{}); r.Closed >= 0 {
+				closed = r.Closed
+			}
+		})
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		inert = veil
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDelete)
+		if (closed == 0) == veil {
+			t.Errorf("veiled %v, Delete closed %d", veil, closed)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDocumentTabFocusFollowsItsTab(t *testing.T) {
+	titles, sel, closed := []string{"a.txt", "b.txt", "c.txt"}, 1, ""
+	tt := view(600, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if r := navigation.DocumentTabs(c, "Docs", titles, &sel, navigation.DocumentTabsOptions{}); r.Closed >= 0 {
+			closed = titles[r.Closed]
+		}
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	// a.txt closes elsewhere; b.txt keeps its focus.
+	titles, sel = titles[1:], 0
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDelete)
+	if closed != "b.txt" {
+		t.Fatalf("Delete after a.txt left closed %q", closed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTwinDocumentTabsPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := fmt.Sprint(recover()); !strings.HasPrefix(r, "navigation: DocumentTabs") {
+			t.Fatalf("two a.txt tabs gave %q", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	sel := 0
+	view(400, 200, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		navigation.DocumentTabs(c, "Docs", []string{"a.txt", "a.txt"}, &sel, navigation.DocumentTabsOptions{})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/navigation/veil_focus_test.go b/navigation/veil_focus_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..079a4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/navigation/veil_focus_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package navigation_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/navigation"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+// veiled builds under a veil the test raises and lifts.
+func veiled(inert *bool, build func(c *ui.Context)) *ui.Tester {
+	return view(600, 400, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = *inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() { build(c) })
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOpenMenusGiveFocusBackAfterAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	items := []navigation.MenuItem{{Label: "One"}, {Label: "Two"}}
+	for name, build := range map[string]func(c *ui.Context){
+		"dropdown": func(c *ui.Context) { navigation.DropdownMenu(c, "File", items, navigation.DropdownMenuOptions{}) },
+		"menubar": func(c *ui.Context) {
+			navigation.MenuBar(c, "Bar", []navigation.Menu{{Title: "Edit", Items: items}}, navigation.MenuBarOptions{})
+		},
+	} {
+		inert := false
+		tt := veiled(&inert, build)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+		if !tt.HasText("Two") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s did not open: %q", name, tt.Texts())
+		}
+		inert = true
+		tt.Frame()
+		inert = false
+		tt.Frame()
+		// Only focus on the opener lets Down open it again.
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyDown)
+		if !tt.HasText("Two") {
+			t.Errorf("%s did not get its focus back after the veil", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/navigation/worldmap.go b/navigation/worldmap.go
index 1083aeb..c133029 100644
--- a/navigation/worldmap.go
+++ b/navigation/worldmap.go
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ func WorldMap(c *ui.Context, text string, nodes []MapNode, paths [][2]int, at *i
 		key    ui.Key
 		dx, dy int
 	}{{ui.KeyLeft, -1, 0}, {ui.KeyRight, 1, 0}, {ui.KeyUp, 0, -1}, {ui.KeyDown, 0, 1}} {
-		if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 			if j := toward(nodes, paths, *at, m.dx, m.dy); j >= 0 {
 				walkTo(j)
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	res.Entered = enter || space
 	// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
 	if base.Clicked() {
diff --git a/overlay/alertdialog.go b/overlay/alertdialog.go
index c394ed2..4a9acfb 100644
--- a/overlay/alertdialog.go
+++ b/overlay/alertdialog.go
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func AlertDialog(c *ui.Context, title, message string, open *bool, o AlertDialog
 	res.Element = ui.DialogBase(c, open, func(back, panel *ui.Element) {
 		dim(k, back, pixel.Back, 8)
 		panel.Width(k.D(220)).Role(ui.RoleAlertDialog).Label(title).Description(message).Focusable().FocusRing(false)
-		if panel.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) && !o.Disabled && !pixel.Current(c).Inert {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(panel, 0, ui.KeyEnter) && !o.Disabled && !pixel.Current(c).Inert {
 			press(o.Default)
 		}
 		panel.Children(func() {
diff --git a/overlay/dialoguebox.go b/overlay/dialoguebox.go
index 8e76a45..9e0e42d 100644
--- a/overlay/dialoguebox.go
+++ b/overlay/dialoguebox.go
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ func DialogueBox(c *ui.Context, pages []string, page *int, o DialogueBoxOptions)
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("overlay: DialogueBox page %d of %d", *page, len(pages)))
 	}
 	cps := pixel.Or("DialogueBox CPS", o.CPS, 30)
+	if cps > 1000 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("overlay: DialogueBox CPS %d over 1000", cps))
+	}
+	// S5 steps at 4–15 fps; fast typing shows more.
+	fps := max(4, min(cps, 15))
 	off := o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert
 	box := ui.Box(c).Role(ui.RoleText).Label(strings.TrimSpace(o.Name + " " + pages[*page])).FocusRing(false)
 	if !off {
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ func DialogueBox(c *ui.Context, pages []string, page *int, o DialogueBoxOptions)
 				}
 				shown := total
 				if !st.out && !k.Reduce() {
-					shown = k.Since(c, st.since, cps, total)
+					shown = min(total, k.Since(c, st.since, fps, (total*fps+cps-1)/cps)*cps/fps)
 				}
 				st.out = shown == total
 				words.Height(k.D(max(2, len(lines)) * pixel.LineHeight)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ func DialogueBox(c *ui.Context, pages []string, page *int, o DialogueBoxOptions)
 						left -= len(lr)
 						end = pixel.Measure(string(lr[:n]))
 					}
-					if shown == total && g.Step(2)%2 == 0 {
+					if shown == total && g.Step(4)%4 < 2 {
 						g.Sprite(end+3, len(lines)*pixel.LineHeight-6, more, 0, pixel.Accent, 1)
 					}
 				})
diff --git a/overlay/lightbox.go b/overlay/lightbox.go
index bdb8233..b64845e 100644
--- a/overlay/lightbox.go
+++ b/overlay/lightbox.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func Lightbox(c *ui.Context, text string, n int, at *int, open *bool, o Lightbox
 	res.Element = ui.DialogBase(c, open, func(back, panel *ui.Element) {
 		deep, light := dark(k)
 		dim(k, back, deep, 13)
-		left, right := panel.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft), panel.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight)
+		left, right := pixel.Shortcut(panel, 0, ui.KeyLeft), pixel.Shortcut(panel, 0, ui.KeyRight)
 		switch {
 		case off:
 		case left:
diff --git a/overlay/notification.go b/overlay/notification.go
index 51cf301..5ec0aa9 100644
--- a/overlay/notification.go
+++ b/overlay/notification.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func Notifications(c *ui.Context, queue *[]Notification, o NotificationsOptions)
 		if life == 0 {
 			life = 5 * time.Second
 		}
-		if n.shown.IsZero() || now.Sub(n.shown) < life {
+		if n.shown.IsZero() || k.Elapsed(&n.shown) < life {
 			kept = append(kept, n)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/overlay/overlay.go b/overlay/overlay.go
index 78b39ba..6c20ef7 100644
--- a/overlay/overlay.go
+++ b/overlay/overlay.go
@@ -40,18 +40,19 @@ func choose(c *ui.Context, text string, items []string, cur *int, digits, off bo
 	if off {
 		box.Description(k.Msg("disabled"))
 	}
-	if box.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+	// The list stays enabled, so off is checked here.
+	if !off && pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 		*cur = (*cur + 1) % n
 	}
-	if box.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+	if !off && pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 		*cur = (*cur + n - 1) % n
 	}
-	enter, space := box.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), box.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
-	if enter || space {
+	enter, space := pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, ui.KeyEnter), pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if (enter || space) && !off {
 		picked = *cur
 	}
 	for i := range min(9, n) {
-		if digits && box.Shortcut(0, ui.Key1+ui.Key(i)) {
+		if digits && !off && pixel.Shortcut(box, 0, ui.Key1+ui.Key(i)) {
 			*cur, picked = i, i
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/overlay/panels_test.go b/overlay/panels_test.go
index 59c78af..23da888 100644
--- a/overlay/panels_test.go
+++ b/overlay/panels_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package overlay_test
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -348,3 +350,48 @@ func TestDisabledPanelsTakeNoClicks(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("disabled: at %d open %v saving %v next %d queue %d", at, open, saving, next, len(queue))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDialogueBoxKeepsItsSpeedOnS5Steps(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, wait := range []time.Duration{900 * time.Millisecond, 1050 * time.Millisecond} {
+		clk, page := newClock(), 0
+		// Thirty letters at the default thirty a second.
+		pages := []string{"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234", "NEXT"}
+		tt := view(640, 400, clk, false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+			overlay.DialogueBox(c, pages, &page, overlay.DialogueBoxOptions{})
+		})
+		clk.t = clk.t.Add(wait)
+		tt.Frame()
+		r := find(t, tt, pages[0])
+		tt.ClickAt(r.X+4, r.Y+4)
+		// A press on typed-out text turns the page.
+		if turned := page == 1; turned != (wait > time.Second) {
+			t.Errorf("after %v a press left page %d", wait, page)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPausedBlinksOnceASecond(t *testing.T) {
+	clk, paused := newClock(), true
+	tt := view(640, 400, clk, false, func(c *ui.Context) { overlay.PauseMenu(c, &paused, overlay.PauseMenuOptions{}) })
+	var ink []int
+	for _, at := range []time.Duration{100, 350, 600} {
+		clk.t = time.Unix(3_000_000, 0).Add(at * time.Millisecond)
+		tt.Frame()
+		ink = append(ink, count(t, tt.Image(), find(t, tt, "PAUSED"), pixel.Back))
+	}
+	if ink[0] != ink[1] || ink[1] == ink[2] {
+		t.Fatalf("PAUSED ink at .1, .35 and .6 s: %v", ink)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDialogueBoxSpeedHasACeiling(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := fmt.Sprint(recover()); !strings.HasPrefix(r, "overlay: DialogueBox CPS") {
+			t.Fatalf("CPS 1001 gave %q", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	page := 0
+	view(640, 400, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		overlay.DialogueBox(c, []string{"HI"}, &page, overlay.DialogueBoxOptions{CPS: 1001})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/overlay/pausemenu.go b/overlay/pausemenu.go
index ad6c24f..275f50f 100644
--- a/overlay/pausemenu.go
+++ b/overlay/pausemenu.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func PauseMenu(c *ui.Context, paused *bool, o PauseMenuOptions) PauseMenuResult
 			pixel.Harbor(c, panel, func() {
 				ui.Box(c).Size(k.D(pixel.Measure(title)*3), k.D(pixel.LineHeight*3)).Role(ui.RoleText).Label(title).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 					g := k.Canvas(p, r)
-					if g.Step(2)%2 == 0 || k.Reduce() {
+					if g.Step(4)%4 < 2 || k.Reduce() {
 						g.Text(0, 0, title, light, 3)
 					}
 				})
diff --git a/overlay/popconfirm.go b/overlay/popconfirm.go
index 044b388..f004ade 100644
--- a/overlay/popconfirm.go
+++ b/overlay/popconfirm.go
@@ -21,35 +21,45 @@ type PopconfirmResult struct {
 
 type popKey struct{}
 
+// popping is open, and held the focus last frame.
+type popping struct{ open, held bool }
+
 // Popconfirm asks question in a bubble before its button acts.
 func Popconfirm(c *ui.Context, text, question string, o PopconfirmOptions) PopconfirmResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	wrap := ui.Box(c)
-	open := ui.Local(wrap, popKey{}, func() bool { return false })
+	pop := ui.Local(wrap, popKey{}, func() popping { return popping{} })
+	open := &pop.open
 	var b input.ButtonResult
 	wrap.Children(func() { b = input.Button(c, text, input.ButtonOptions{Disabled: o.Disabled}) })
 	if b.Clicked {
 		*open = true
 	}
-	// A popup above a veil closes with it, focus parked.
 	if o.Disabled || pixel.Current(c).Inert {
-		if *open {
-			c.Root().Focus()
+		// A focus in the closing popup parks on the button.
+		if *open && pop.held {
+			b.Base.Focus()
+			pixel.Park(c, b.Base, true)
 		}
 		*open = false
 	}
 	was := *open
 	res := PopconfirmResult{Element: wrap}
+	pop.held = false
 	Popover(c, question, b.Element, open, PopoverOptions{}, func() {
 		ui.Column(c).Gap(k.D(4)).Children(func() {
 			pixel.Text(c, question, pixel.TextOptions{})
 			ui.Row(c).Gap(k.D(4)).Justify(ui.End).Children(func() {
-				if input.Button(c, k.Msg("no"), input.ButtonOptions{Size: input.Small}).Clicked {
+				no := input.Button(c, k.Msg("no"), input.ButtonOptions{Size: input.Small})
+				yes := input.Button(c, k.Msg("yes"), input.ButtonOptions{Size: input.Small, Variant: input.Primary})
+				if no.Clicked {
 					*open = false
 				}
-				if input.Button(c, k.Msg("yes"), input.ButtonOptions{Size: input.Small, Variant: input.Primary}).Clicked {
+				if yes.Clicked {
 					res.Confirmed, *open = true, false
 				}
+				// Focused, not FocusWithin: MyGo links parents after frames.
+				pop.held = no.Base.Focused() || yes.Base.Focused()
 			})
 		})
 	})
diff --git a/overlay/promptdialog.go b/overlay/promptdialog.go
index 52dbed0..d067b71 100644
--- a/overlay/promptdialog.go
+++ b/overlay/promptdialog.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func PromptDialog(c *ui.Context, title string, value *string, open *bool, o Prom
 						f := input.TextInput(c, title, value, input.TextInputOptions{Placeholder: o.Placeholder, MaxLength: o.MaxLength, Width: 196, Disabled: o.Disabled})
 						f.Input.AutoFocus()
 						// A Shortcut, not Submitted: the frame builds again closed.
-						if f.Element.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) && !o.Disabled {
+						if pixel.Shortcut(f.Element, 0, ui.KeyEnter) && !o.Disabled {
 							res.Submitted, *open = true, false
 						}
 						actions(c, []string{k.Msg("cancel"), k.Msg("ok")}, o.Disabled, func(i int) {
diff --git a/overlay/veil_focus_test.go b/overlay/veil_focus_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e00d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/veil_focus_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package overlay_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/overlay"
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/pixel"
+)
+
+func TestPopconfirmGivesPopupFocusBackAfterAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	inert := false
+	tt := view(400, 300, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() { overlay.Popconfirm(c, "DELETE", "Sure?", overlay.PopconfirmOptions{}) })
+		pixel.Text(c, "Elsewhere", pixel.TextOptions{})
+	})
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	// Focus in the popup, not the root that holds everything.
+	if !tt.Focused("NO") || tt.Focused("Elsewhere") {
+		t.Fatalf("focus is not in the popup: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	inert = true
+	tt.Frame()
+	inert = false
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if !tt.HasText("Sure?") {
+		t.Fatal("the button did not get its focus back after the veil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSheetPullStopsUnderAVeil(t *testing.T) {
+	open, inert := true, false
+	tt := view(400, 400, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() {
+			overlay.Sheet(c, "Bag", &open, overlay.SheetOptions{}, func() { pixel.Text(c, "Potion", pixel.TextOptions{}) })
+		})
+	})
+	r := find(t, tt, "Bag")
+	tt.Press(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+10)
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+60)
+	inert = true
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+200)
+	tt.Release(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+200)
+	if !open {
+		t.Fatal("a pull under the veil closed the sheet")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPauseMenuPicksNothingAsAVeilFalls(t *testing.T) {
+	paused, inert, chose := true, false, -1
+	tt := view(640, 400, newClock(), false, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		s := pixel.Current(c)
+		s.Inert = inert
+		pixel.Scope(c, s, func() {
+			if r := overlay.PauseMenu(c, &paused, overlay.PauseMenuOptions{}); r.Chosen >= 0 {
+				chose = r.Chosen
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	inert = true
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if chose >= 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Enter as the veil fell chose %d", chose)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pixel/clock.go b/pixel/clock.go
index ee05025..7845a18 100644
--- a/pixel/clock.go
+++ b/pixel/clock.go
@@ -62,12 +62,25 @@ func (k Kit) At(c *ui.Context, t time.Time) {
 	ask(c.Now().Add(d).UnixNano())
 }
 
+// Elapsed: time since *t; clock steps back, *t becomes now.
+func (k Kit) Elapsed(t *time.Time) time.Duration {
+	if k.now.Before(*t) {
+		*t = k.now
+	}
+	return k.now.Sub(*t)
+}
+
 // Since counts steps from t at fps, up to done.
 func (k Kit) Since(c *ui.Context, t time.Time, fps, done int) int {
+	checkFPS(fps)
 	if t.IsZero() {
 		return done
 	}
-	n := int(k.now.Sub(t) * time.Duration(fps) / time.Second)
+	// A clock stepping back holds at zero; division cannot overflow.
+	n := 0
+	if d := k.now.Sub(t); d > 0 {
+		n = int(min(d/(time.Second/time.Duration(fps)), time.Duration(done)))
+	}
 	if n < done {
 		k.Tick(c, fps)
 	}
@@ -125,6 +138,7 @@ type shot struct {
 
 // Shot steps a cued one-shot; Reduce Motion spends it whole.
 func (k Kit) Shot(c *ui.Context, e *ui.Element, cue, fps, done int) int {
+	checkFPS(fps)
 	// Before any change the zero start reads as done.
 	s := ui.Local(e, shotKey{}, func() shot { return shot{cue: cue} })
 	if cue != s.cue {
@@ -165,8 +179,9 @@ func frameAt(t time.Time, fps int) (int, time.Duration) {
 	return int(n), time.Duration((n+1)*period - ns)
 }
 
+// checkFPS holds every clock to S5's 4–15 fps.
 func checkFPS(fps int) {
-	if fps < 1 || fps > 60 {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("pixel: fps %d outside 1–60", fps))
+	if fps < 4 || fps > 15 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("pixel: fps %d outside 4–15", fps))
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pixel/edit.go b/pixel/edit.go
index 3645782..a6fff35 100644
--- a/pixel/edit.go
+++ b/pixel/edit.go
@@ -14,13 +14,18 @@ type snapshot struct {
 
 // editState is one Editor's text, caret and history.
 type editState struct {
-	text           []rune
-	caret, anchor  int
-	compose        []rune
-	composeCaret   int
-	undo, redo     []snapshot
-	changed        bool
-	submitted      bool
+	text          []rune
+	caret, anchor int
+	compose       []rune
+	composeCaret  int
+	undo, redo    []snapshot
+	changed       bool
+	submitted     bool
+	// kept is the value the last frame ended with.
+	kept string
+	// clip is a copy waiting for an enabled build.
+	clip           string
+	clipped        bool
 	scroll         int
 	dragging       bool
 	pressAt        time.Time
@@ -28,8 +33,9 @@ type editState struct {
 	clicks         int
 }
 
+// reset takes v as the text and the value kept.
 func (s *editState) reset(v string) {
-	*s = editState{text: []rune(v)}
+	*s = editState{text: []rune(v), kept: v}
 	s.caret = len(s.text)
 	s.anchor = s.caret
 }
diff --git a/pixel/editor.go b/pixel/editor.go
index c83a920..72008cc 100644
--- a/pixel/editor.go
+++ b/pixel/editor.go
@@ -57,6 +57,15 @@ func Editor(c *ui.Context, value *string, o EditorOptions) Edit {
 		return ui.Box(c).Focusable().Role(ui.RoleTextField).Label(o.Label).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 	})
 	s := ui.Local(base, editKey{}, func() editState { return editState{} })
+	// Copies wait here, so a veil's first frame copies nothing.
+	if s.clipped && !base.IsDisabled() {
+		c.WriteClipboard(s.clip)
+	}
+	s.clip, s.clipped = "", false
+	// A veil's first frame types nothing; callers' writes win.
+	if s.changed && base.IsDisabled() && *value == string(s.text) {
+		*value = s.kept
+	}
 	if string(s.text) != *value {
 		s.reset(*value)
 	}
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@ func Editor(c *ui.Context, value *string, o EditorOptions) Edit {
 		base.Description(*value)
 	}
 	width, check := WrapWidth(c, shell)
-	env := editEnv{multi: o.Multiline, sends: o.EnterSends, maxLen: o.MaxLength, mask: o.Mask, width: width, dot: k.dot, read: c.ReadClipboard, write: c.WriteClipboard}
+	env := editEnv{multi: o.Multiline, sends: o.EnterSends, maxLen: o.MaxLength, mask: o.Mask, width: width, dot: k.dot, read: c.ReadClipboard, write: func(v string) { s.clip, s.clipped = v, true }}
 	shown := s.view(o.Mask, true)
 	caret := s.caret + s.composeCaret
 	lines := editLayout(shown, width, o.Multiline)
@@ -91,14 +100,15 @@ func Editor(c *ui.Context, value *string, o EditorOptions) Edit {
 		}
 		return took
 	})
-	res := Edit{Element: shell, Input: base, Changed: s.changed, Submitted: s.submitted, Focused: base.Focused(), Line: cl}
+	// A send from the frame a veil falls is dropped.
+	res := Edit{Element: shell, Input: base, Changed: s.changed, Submitted: s.submitted && !base.IsDisabled(), Focused: base.Focused(), Line: cl}
 	if res.Focused {
 		frameOf(c).typing = true
 	}
-	if s.submitted {
+	if res.Submitted {
 		slog.Debug("8bit: editor submit", "label", o.Label)
 	}
-	s.changed, s.submitted = false, false
+	s.changed, s.submitted, s.kept = false, false, *value
 	shell.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 		check(r)
 		g := k.Canvas(p, r)
@@ -127,7 +137,7 @@ func Editor(c *ui.Context, value *string, o EditorOptions) Edit {
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			if res.Focused && !o.Disabled && g.Step(2)%2 == 0 {
+			if res.Focused && !o.Disabled && g.Step(4)%4 < 2 {
 				g.VLine(cx-scroll, cl*LineHeight+1, LineHeight-2, Ink)
 			}
 		})
@@ -270,7 +280,7 @@ func (s *editState) handle(ev ui.InputEvent, e editEnv) bool {
 
 func (s *editState) press(ev ui.InputEvent, e editEnv) {
 	now := time.Now()
-	if now.Sub(s.pressAt) < 500*time.Millisecond && abs32(ev.X-s.pressX) < 5 && abs32(ev.Y-s.pressY) < 5 {
+	if d := now.Sub(s.pressAt); d >= 0 && d < 500*time.Millisecond && abs32(ev.X-s.pressX) < 5 && abs32(ev.Y-s.pressY) < 5 {
 		s.clicks++
 	} else {
 		s.clicks = 1
diff --git a/pixel/editor_test.go b/pixel/editor_test.go
index 2d3db66..00c0e64 100644
--- a/pixel/editor_test.go
+++ b/pixel/editor_test.go
@@ -345,3 +345,36 @@ func TestEditorTakesAValueChangedBetweenFrames(t *testing.T) {
 	h.tt.Type("x")
 	h.want("x")
 }
+
+func TestEditorVeilKeepsCallersAndClipboard(t *testing.T) {
+	// The caller writes during the build the veil falls in.
+	v, inert, update := "old", false, false
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Inert: inert})
+		if update {
+			v, update = "server", false
+		}
+		pixel.Editor(c, &v, pixel.EditorOptions{Label: "Edit"}).Element.Width(200)
+	}, 400, 100)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	inert, update = true, true
+	tt.Type("x")
+	if v != "server" {
+		t.Fatalf("the caller's write became %q", v)
+	}
+	for _, command := range []string{"copy", "cut"} {
+		v, inert := "SecretValue", false
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Inert: inert})
+			pixel.Editor(c, &v, pixel.EditorOptions{Label: "Edit"}).Element.Width(200)
+		}, 400, 100)
+		tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+		tt.Key(ui.Cmd, ui.KeyA)
+		tt.SetClipboard("original")
+		inert = true
+		tt.Command(command)
+		if got := tt.Clipboard(); got != "original" || v != "SecretValue" {
+			t.Errorf("%s as the veil fell: clipboard %q, value %q", command, got, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pixel/element.go b/pixel/element.go
index 1f9cd7c..b969301 100644
--- a/pixel/element.go
+++ b/pixel/element.go
@@ -102,6 +102,12 @@ func Shell(c *ui.Context, base func() *ui.Element) (shell, b *ui.Element, st Sta
 	return shell, b, st
 }
 
+// Shortcut is e's key this frame, while e is enabled.
+func Shortcut(e *ui.Element, mods ui.Modifiers, key ui.Key) bool {
+	// MyGo still hands keys to a base just turned off.
+	return e.Shortcut(mods, key) && !e.IsDisabled()
+}
+
 type parkKey struct{}
 
 // Park moves focus off e while off, back once on.
diff --git a/pixel/motion_test.go b/pixel/motion_test.go
index 3bfe1f7..1ee5b5a 100644
--- a/pixel/motion_test.go
+++ b/pixel/motion_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package pixel_test
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -153,3 +154,79 @@ func TestTowardStepsAndTurnsWhereItIs(t *testing.T) {
 		}, 10, 10)
 	})
 }
+
+func TestMotionStepsAtFourToFifteen(t *testing.T) {
+	at := time.Unix(1_700_000_000, 0)
+	run := func(fn func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit)) {
+		ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+			fn(c, pixel.K(c))
+		}, 10, 10)
+	}
+	// S5: whole frames at 4–15 fps, for every clock.
+	for _, fps := range []int{1, 2, 3, 16, 30} {
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("Tick at ", fps), func() { run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) { k.Tick(c, fps) }) })
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("Since at ", fps), func() { run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) { k.Since(c, at, fps, 9) }) })
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("Toward at ", fps), func() { run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) { k.Toward(c, ui.Box(c), true, fps, 2) }) })
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("Since from zero at ", fps), func() { run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) { k.Since(c, time.Time{}, fps, 9) }) })
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("Shot at ", fps), func() { run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) { k.Shot(c, ui.Box(c), 0, fps, 9) }) })
+		// Reduce Motion spends a shot without counting.
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("a reduced Shot at ", fps), func() {
+			ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+				pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }, Reduce: true})
+				pixel.K(c).Shot(c, ui.Box(c), 0, fps, 9)
+			}, 10, 10)
+		})
+		mustPanic(t, fmt.Sprint("Step at ", fps), func() {
+			run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) {
+				ui.Box(c).Size(4, 4).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) { k.Canvas(p, r).Step(fps) })
+			})
+		})
+	}
+	for _, fps := range []int{4, 15} {
+		run(func(c *ui.Context, k pixel.Kit) {
+			k.Tick(c, fps)
+			k.Since(c, at, fps, 9)
+			k.Toward(c, ui.Box(c), true, fps, 2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSinceHoldsAtZeroWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	at := time.Unix(1_700_000_000, 0)
+	got := -1
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+		got = pixel.K(c).Since(c, at.Add(time.Hour), 8, 5)
+	}, 10, 10)
+	if got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a start an hour ahead counted %d steps", got)
+	}
+	// Thirty years ahead must not overflow into a full count.
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+		got = pixel.K(c).Since(c, at.AddDate(30, 0, 0), 15, 5)
+	}, 10, 10)
+	if got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("a start thirty years ahead counted %d steps", got)
+	}
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+		got = pixel.K(c).Since(c, at.AddDate(-30, 0, 0), 15, 5)
+	}, 10, 10)
+	if got != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("a start thirty years back counted %d of 5 steps", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestElapsedRebasesWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	at := time.Unix(1_700_000_000, 0)
+	start, got := at.Add(time.Hour), time.Duration(-1)
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		pixel.Use(c, pixel.Settings{Palette: pixel.SpringDay, Now: func() time.Time { return at }})
+		got = pixel.K(c).Elapsed(&start)
+	}, 10, 10)
+	if got != 0 || !start.Equal(at) {
+		t.Fatalf("elapsed %v, start moved to %v", got, start)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pixel/pad.go b/pixel/pad.go
index 135d130..328e84a 100644
--- a/pixel/pad.go
+++ b/pixel/pad.go
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ func Pad(c *ui.Context, text string, cols, n, cw, ch int, cur *int, disabled boo
 		{ui.KeyUp, func() int { return *cur - cols }}, {ui.KeyDown, func() int { return *cur + cols }},
 		{ui.KeyHome, func() int { return 0 }}, {ui.KeyEnd, func() int { return n - 1 }},
 	} {
-		if to := m.to(); base.Shortcut(0, m.key) && to >= 0 && to < n {
+		if to := m.to(); Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) && to >= 0 && to < n {
 			*cur = to
 		}
 	}
-	enter, space := base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter), base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	enter, space := Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter), Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
 	if enter || space {
 		picked = *cur
 	}
diff --git a/project/pomodoro.go b/project/pomodoro.go
index ff755e4..512395c 100644
--- a/project/pomodoro.go
+++ b/project/pomodoro.go
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func Pomodoro(c *ui.Context, text string, o PomodoroOptions) PomodoroResult {
 	now := k.Now()
 	left, running := p.left, !p.since.IsZero()
 	if running {
-		left -= now.Sub(p.since)
+		left -= k.Elapsed(&p.since)
 	}
 	var res PomodoroResult
 	if running && left <= 0 {
diff --git a/project/questboard.go b/project/questboard.go
index 20108fc..ccc2a0b 100644
--- a/project/questboard.go
+++ b/project/questboard.go
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ func QuestBoard(c *ui.Context, text string, cols *[3][]string, o QuestBoardOptio
 			key    ui.Key
 			dc, dr int
 		}{{ui.KeyUp, 0, -1}, {ui.KeyDown, 0, 1}, {ui.KeyLeft, -1, 0}, {ui.KeyRight, 1, 0}} {
-			if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 				b.col, b.row = b.col+m.dc, b.row+m.dr
 				fit()
 			}
-			if base.Shortcut(ui.Alt, m.key) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, ui.Alt, m.key) {
 				move(b.col+m.dc, b.row+m.dr)
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/shop/coupon.go b/shop/coupon.go
index 84459c9..9907fd1 100644
--- a/shop/coupon.go
+++ b/shop/coupon.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func Coupon(c *ui.Context, title, code string, o CouponOptions) CouponResult {
 		at := ui.Local(e, couponKey{}, func() time.Time { return time.Time{} })
 		// The button says COPIED! for two seconds.
 		label := k.Msg("copy")
-		if k.Since(c, *at, 1, 2) < 2 {
+		if k.Since(c, *at, 4, 8) < 8 {
 			label = k.Msg("copied")
 		}
 		e.Children(func() {
diff --git a/shop/money_test.go b/shop/money_test.go
index 3a92fb5..92a42c4 100644
--- a/shop/money_test.go
+++ b/shop/money_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package shop_test
 import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
 
@@ -165,3 +166,19 @@ func TestCouponCopiesQuietly(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("clipboard %q; log:\n%s", tt.Clipboard(), log)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCouponSaysCopiedForTwoSeconds(t *testing.T) {
+	wd := newWorld()
+	tt := view(400, 200, wd, func(c *ui.Context) { shop.Coupon(c, "10% OFF", "UPUP", shop.CouponOptions{}) })
+	click(t, tt, "COPY")
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		at   time.Duration
+		says string
+	}{{1500 * time.Millisecond, "COPIED!"}, {2100 * time.Millisecond, "COPY"}} {
+		wd.clk.t = wd.clk.t.Add(tc.at - map[string]time.Duration{"COPIED!": 0, "COPY": 1500 * time.Millisecond}[tc.says])
+		tt.Frame()
+		if !tt.HasText(tc.says) {
+			t.Errorf("after %v the button does not say %s", tc.at, tc.says)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shop/quantity.go b/shop/quantity.go
index 0e856dd..30e333e 100644
--- a/shop/quantity.go
+++ b/shop/quantity.go
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ func Quantity(c *ui.Context, text string, value *int, o QuantityOptions) Quantit
 	if !base.IsDisabled() {
 		step := 0
 		// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
-		base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter)
-		base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace)
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyLeft) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDown) {
+		pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter)
+		pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace)
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyLeft) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyDown) {
 			step--
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyRight) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyUp) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyRight) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyUp) {
 			step++
 		}
 		if base.Clicked() {
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ func Quantity(c *ui.Context, text string, value *int, o QuantityOptions) Quantit
 		for ; step < 0 && *value > lo; step++ {
 			*value--
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyHome) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyHome) {
 			*value = lo
 		}
-		if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnd) {
+		if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnd) {
 			*value = hi
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tabletop/cardhand.go b/tabletop/cardhand.go
index 2da8896..4476d6f 100644
--- a/tabletop/cardhand.go
+++ b/tabletop/cardhand.go
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ func CardHand(c *ui.Context, text string, cards []Card, o CardHandOptions) CardH
 				key ui.Key
 				to  int
 			}{{ui.KeyLeft, *cur - 1}, {ui.KeyRight, *cur + 1}, {ui.KeyHome, 0}, {ui.KeyEnd, n - 1}} {
-				if base.Shortcut(0, m.key) {
+				if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, m.key) {
 					*cur = max(0, min(n-1, m.to))
 				}
 			}
 			// Enter and Space are taken, so clicks come from pointers.
-			if base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEnter) || base.Shortcut(0, ui.KeySpace) {
+			if pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeyEnter) || pixel.Shortcut(base, 0, ui.KeySpace) {
 				res.Played = *cur
 			}
 			x, y, over := base.PointerPosition()
diff --git a/text/blinktext.go b/text/blinktext.go
index d4561d4..32909b5 100644
--- a/text/blinktext.go
+++ b/text/blinktext.go
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ import (
 type BlinkTextOptions struct {
 	Slot  pixel.Slot
 	Scale int
-	// FPS is blinks per second, times two; zero means 2.
+	// FPS steps a four-step blink, 4–15; zero means 4.
 	FPS int
 }
 
 // BlinkText blinks; under Reduce Motion it stays shown.
 func BlinkText(c *ui.Context, s string, o BlinkTextOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k, sc := pixel.K(c), scale(o.Scale)
-	fps := pixel.Or("BlinkText FPS", o.FPS, 2)
+	fps := pixel.Or("BlinkText FPS", o.FPS, 4)
 	return block(c, k, s, pixel.Measure(s)*sc, pixel.LineHeight*sc, func(g pixel.Canvas) {
-		if g.Step(fps)%2 == 0 {
+		if g.Step(fps)%4 < 2 {
 			g.Text(0, 0, s, o.Slot, sc)
 		}
 	})
diff --git a/text/marquee.go b/text/marquee.go
index b06c8e0..fe6957a 100644
--- a/text/marquee.go
+++ b/text/marquee.go
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ func Marquee(c *ui.Context, s string, o MarqueeOptions) *ui.Element {
 	if k.Reduce() || e.Hovered() {
 		ms.last = -1
 	} else {
-		step := k.Tick(c, 20)
+		step := k.Tick(c, 15)
 		if ms.last >= 0 {
-			ms.offset += step - ms.last
+			ms.offset += max(0, step-ms.last)
 		}
 		ms.last = step
 	}
diff --git a/text/s5_test.go b/text/s5_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21d58ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/text/s5_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package text_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"git.zacharyzhang.com/ZacharyZhang-NY/8bitMyGoUI/text"
+)
+
+func TestTypewriterKeepsItsSpeedOnS5Steps(t *testing.T) {
+	clk, done := newClock(), 0
+	tt := view(400, 100, clk, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		// Twenty letters at the default twenty a second.
+		if text.Typewriter(c, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST", text.TypewriterOptions{}).Done {
+			done++
+		}
+	})
+	clk.add(900 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if done != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("the text was out early")
+	}
+	clk.add(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if done != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("the text was not out after a second")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTextAnimationsSurviveTheClockSteppingBack(t *testing.T) {
+	clk := newClock()
+	tt := view(400, 200, clk, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		text.Typewriter(c, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", text.TypewriterOptions{})
+		text.ScrambleText(c, "SCRAMBLED EGGS", text.ScrambleTextOptions{})
+		text.Marquee(c, "HELLO WORLD", text.MarqueeOptions{Width: 40})
+	})
+	for _, d := range []time.Duration{200 * time.Millisecond, -time.Hour, 200 * time.Millisecond} {
+		clk.add(d)
+		tt.Frame()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMarqueeHoldsWhenTheClockStepsBack(t *testing.T) {
+	clk := newClock()
+	tt := view(400, 100, clk, func(c *ui.Context) { text.Marquee(c, "HELLO WORLD", text.MarqueeOptions{Width: 60}) })
+	clk.add(time.Second)
+	tt.Frame()
+	before := bytes.Clone(tt.Image().Pix)
+	clk.add(-time.Hour)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !bytes.Equal(before, tt.Image().Pix) {
+		t.Fatal("the marquee ran backward as the clock stepped back")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTypingSpeedsHaveACeiling(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := fmt.Sprint(recover()); !strings.HasPrefix(r, "text: Typewriter CPS") {
+			t.Fatalf("CPS 1001 gave %q", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	view(400, 100, newClock(), func(c *ui.Context) { text.Typewriter(c, "HI", text.TypewriterOptions{CPS: 1001}) })
+}
diff --git a/text/scrambletext.go b/text/scrambletext.go
index 1e251e5..b8584c0 100644
--- a/text/scrambletext.go
+++ b/text/scrambletext.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ const scrambleRunes = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789#$%&*+?"
 type ScrambleTextOptions struct {
 	Slot  pixel.Slot
 	Scale int
-	// FPS is zero for 30; two steps settle a character.
+	// FPS is 4–15, zero for 15; two steps settle one.
 	FPS int
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type scrambleState struct {
 // ScrambleText settles from random glyphs to s, left to right.
 func ScrambleText(c *ui.Context, s string, o ScrambleTextOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k, sc := pixel.K(c), scale(o.Scale)
-	fps := pixel.Or("ScrambleText FPS", o.FPS, 30)
+	fps := pixel.Or("ScrambleText FPS", o.FPS, 15)
 	rs := []rune(s)
 	e := ui.Box(c).Size(k.D(pixel.Measure(s)*sc), k.D(pixel.LineHeight*sc)).Label(s).Role(ui.RoleText)
 	st := ui.Local(e, scrambleKey{}, func() scrambleState { return scrambleState{start: -1} })
diff --git a/text/text_test.go b/text/text_test.go
index b39dd75..ee2fa14 100644
--- a/text/text_test.go
+++ b/text/text_test.go
@@ -223,17 +223,18 @@ func TestMarqueeScrollsAndPauses(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		return -1
 	}
+	// Steps come at 15 a second, a dot each.
 	r0 := last()
-	clk.add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	clk.add(10 * time.Second / 15)
 	tt.Frame()
 	r1 := last()
 	tt.Move(10, 10)
-	clk.add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	clk.add(10 * time.Second / 15)
 	tt.Frame()
 	r2 := last()
 	tt.Move(300, 90)
 	tt.Frame()
-	clk.add(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	clk.add(5 * time.Second / 15)
 	tt.Frame()
 	if r3 := last(); r0 < 0 || r0-r1 != 10 || r2 != r1 || r1-r3 != 5 {
 		t.Fatalf("ends at %d, %d (10 steps), %d (hovered), %d (5 more)", r0, r1, r2, r3)
@@ -371,7 +372,7 @@ func TestScrambleSettles(t *testing.T) {
 	if same() {
 		t.Fatal("scramble started settled")
 	}
-	clk.add(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	clk.add(400 * time.Millisecond)
 	tt.Frame()
 	if !same() {
 		t.Fatal("after 6 steps the text had not settled")
diff --git a/text/typewriter.go b/text/typewriter.go
index a4315ba..2e39535 100644
--- a/text/typewriter.go
+++ b/text/typewriter.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package text
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 
 	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
@@ -39,6 +40,11 @@ type typeState struct {
 func Typewriter(c *ui.Context, s string, o TypewriterOptions) TypewriterResult {
 	k := pixel.K(c)
 	cps := pixel.Or("Typewriter CPS", o.CPS, 20)
+	if cps > 1000 {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("text: Typewriter CPS %d over 1000", cps))
+	}
+	// S5 steps at 4–15 fps; fast typing shows more.
+	fps := max(4, min(cps, 15))
 	shell, base, st := pixel.Shell(c, func() *ui.Element {
 		e := ui.Box(c).Role(ui.RoleText).Label(s).Disabled(o.Disabled)
 		if !o.Disabled {
@@ -61,11 +67,11 @@ func Typewriter(c *ui.Context, s string, o TypewriterOptions) TypewriterResult {
 	if !ts.done {
 		ts.last = total
 		if !k.Reduce() {
-			tick := k.Tick(c, cps)
+			tick := k.Tick(c, fps)
 			if ts.start < 0 {
 				ts.start = tick
 			}
-			ts.last = min(total, tick-ts.start)
+			ts.last = min(total, (tick-ts.start)*cps/fps)
 		}
 		if base.Clicked() {
 			ts.last = total
@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@ func Typewriter(c *ui.Context, s string, o TypewriterOptions) TypewriterResult {
 			left -= len(lr)
 			end = pixel.Measure(string(lr[:n]))
 		}
-		if shown == total && g.Step(2)%2 == 0 {
+		if shown == total && g.Step(4)%4 < 2 {
 			g.Sprite(end+3, len(lines)*pixel.LineHeight-6, more, 0, pixel.Accent, 1)
 		}
 		if st.Focus {