diff --git a/alert.go b/alert.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b5f116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/alert.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// Severity is the meaning of a message. The zero value is SeverityInfo.
+type Severity int
+
+const (
+	SeverityInfo Severity = iota
+	SeveritySuccess
+	SeverityWarning
+	SeverityError
+)
+
+func (s Severity) String() string {
+	switch s {
+	case SeverityInfo:
+		return "info"
+	case SeveritySuccess:
+		return "success"
+	case SeverityWarning:
+		return "warning"
+	case SeverityError:
+		return "error"
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: unknown Severity %d", int(s)))
+}
+
+// severityLook returns the color and icon that, with text, mark s.
+func severityLook(k theme.Tokens, s Severity) (ui.Color, *ui.SVG) {
+	switch s {
+	case SeveritySuccess:
+		return k.Success, icons.Must("circle-check")
+	case SeverityWarning:
+		return k.Warning, icons.Must("triangle-alert")
+	case SeverityError:
+		return k.Danger, icons.Must("circle-x")
+	}
+	return k.Info, icons.Must("info")
+}
+
+// AlertOptions configure an Alert.
+type AlertOptions struct {
+	Severity Severity
+	// Title goes above the message in bold; empty shows none.
+	Title string
+	// Action labels a button at the end; empty shows none.
+	Action string
+}
+
+// AlertResult is what an Alert built and reported this frame.
+type AlertResult struct {
+	// Element is nil while the alert is closed.
+	Element *ui.Element
+	// Action reports a click on the action button.
+	Action bool
+	// Closed reports the user dismissing the alert.
+	Closed bool
+}
+
+// Alert shows an inline message marked by color, icon and accessible name.
+// A non-nil open adds a dismiss button that sets *open to false; nothing
+// shows while *open is false.
+func Alert(c *ui.Context, open *bool, message string, opts AlertOptions) AlertResult {
+	if message == "" {
+		panic("mujica: Alert needs a message")
+	}
+	if open != nil && !*open {
+		return AlertResult{}
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	tone, icon := severityLook(k, opts.Severity)
+	name := msg(c, "alert."+opts.Severity.String())
+	var res AlertResult
+	box := ui.Row(c).FillWidth().AlignItems(ui.Start).Gap(u*3).Padding(u*3, u*3, u*3, u*4).
+		Radius(theme.CardRadius).Background(k.Surface).Border(theme.BorderWidth, k.Border).
+		Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(name).Clip()
+	// A bar in the severity color along the leading edge.
+	box.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+		p.Fill(ui.Rect{X: r.X, Y: r.Y, W: 3, H: r.H}, tone, 0)
+	})
+	// Warnings and errors are read out when they appear or change.
+	said := ui.Local(box, "alert.said", func() string { return "" })
+	if news := name + ": " + message; opts.Severity >= SeverityWarning && *said != news {
+		*said = news
+		c.Announce(news)
+	}
+	box.Children(func() {
+		ui.Icon(c, icon).Size(20, 20).TextColor(tone).Margin(1, 0, 0, 0)
+		ui.Column(c).Grow(1).Shrink(1).Gap(u).Children(func() {
+			if opts.Title != "" {
+				ui.Text(c, opts.Title).Bold().TextColor(k.Text)
+			}
+			ui.Text(c, message).TextColor(k.Text).LineHeight(theme.LineHeight)
+			if opts.Action != "" {
+				ui.Row(c).Margin(u, 0, 0, 0).Children(func() {
+					if Button(c, opts.Action, ButtonOptions{Variant: Outline}).Clicked() {
+						slog.Debug("mujica: alert action", "severity", opts.Severity, "action", opts.Action)
+						res.Action = true
+					}
+				})
+			}
+		})
+		if open != nil {
+			dismiss := Button(c, "", ButtonOptions{Variant: Ghost, Icon: icons.Must("x"), Label: msg(c, "alert.close")})
+			dismiss.TextColor(k.TextMuted).Padding(0).MinHeight(theme.MinHitSize).Margin(-u, -u, -u, 0)
+			if dismiss.Clicked() {
+				slog.Debug("mujica: alert closed", "severity", opts.Severity)
+				*open, res.Closed = false, true
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	res.Element = box
+	return res
+}
diff --git a/alert_test.go b/alert_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af93006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/alert_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func TestAlertActionAndClose(t *testing.T) {
+	open := true
+	actions, closes := 0, 0
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		r := Alert(c, &open, "Disk almost full", AlertOptions{Severity: SeverityWarning, Title: "Storage", Action: "Free space"})
+		if r.Action {
+			actions++
+		}
+		if r.Closed {
+			closes++
+		}
+	}, 500, 300)
+	if err := tt.Click("Free space"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if actions != 1 || !open {
+		t.Fatalf("actions %d open %v", actions, open)
+	}
+	if err := tt.Click("Dismiss"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if open || closes != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("after dismiss open %v closes %d", open, closes)
+	}
+	if tt.HasText("Disk almost full") {
+		t.Fatal("closed alert still shows")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlertKeyboard(t *testing.T) {
+	open := true
+	actions := 0
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		if Alert(c, &open, "Sync failed", AlertOptions{Severity: SeverityError, Action: "Retry"}).Action {
+			actions++
+		}
+	}, 500, 300)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if actions != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Enter on action: %d", actions)
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeySpace)
+	if open {
+		t.Fatal("Space on dismiss left it open")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlertWithoutOpenHasNoDismiss(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Alert(c, nil, "Read only", AlertOptions{})
+	}, 500, 300)
+	if _, ok := tt.Find("Dismiss"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("dismiss button without open")
+	}
+	if _, ok := tt.Find("Information"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("alert lacks its severity name")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlertAnnouncesWarningsOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	sev := SeverityInfo
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{Locale: ZhCN})
+		Alert(c, nil, "磁盘已满", AlertOptions{Severity: sev})
+	}, 500, 300)
+	if a := tt.Announcements(); len(a) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("info announced %q", a)
+	}
+	sev = SeverityError
+	tt.Frame()
+	tt.Frame()
+	if a := tt.Announcements(); !slices.Equal(a, []string{"错误: 磁盘已满"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("error announcements %q", a)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlertPanicsWithoutMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Fatal("no panic")
+		}
+	}()
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Alert(c, nil, "", AlertOptions{})
+	}, 300, 200)
+}
+
+func TestAlertSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	open := true
+	snapshot(t, "alert", 560, 400, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		ui.Column(c).Padding(20).Gap(12).Children(func() {
+			Alert(c, nil, "A new version is ready to install.", AlertOptions{})
+			Alert(c, &open, "Your changes were saved.", AlertOptions{Severity: SeveritySuccess})
+			Alert(c, nil, "The certificate expires in 3 days.", AlertOptions{Severity: SeverityWarning, Title: "Certificate"})
+			Alert(c, &open, "The archive could not be read.", AlertOptions{Severity: SeverityError, Title: "Import failed", Action: "Retry"})
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/empty_state.go b/empty_state.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67ca961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/empty_state.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// EmptyKind tells why there is nothing to show. The zero value is EmptyNoData.
+type EmptyKind int
+
+const (
+	// EmptyNoData: the collection itself is empty.
+	EmptyNoData EmptyKind = iota
+	// EmptyNoResults: a search or filter matched nothing.
+	EmptyNoResults
+)
+
+// EmptyStateOptions configure an EmptyState. Empty texts use the kind's built-in copy.
+type EmptyStateOptions struct {
+	Kind        EmptyKind
+	Title       string
+	Description string
+	// Query, for EmptyNoResults, is named in the default description.
+	Query string
+	// Icon replaces the kind's icon (inbox or search); NoIcon shows none.
+	Icon   *ui.SVG
+	NoIcon bool
+	// Action labels a button, such as "Clear search"; empty shows none.
+	Action string
+}
+
+// EmptyStateResult is what an EmptyState built and reported this frame.
+type EmptyStateResult struct {
+	Element *ui.Element
+	Action  bool
+}
+
+// EmptyState explains an empty view and offers a next step.
+func EmptyState(c *ui.Context, opts EmptyStateOptions) EmptyStateResult {
+	if opts.NoIcon && opts.Icon != nil {
+		panic("mujica: EmptyState with both Icon and NoIcon")
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	title, desc, icon := opts.Title, opts.Description, opts.Icon
+	switch opts.Kind {
+	case EmptyNoData:
+		if opts.Query != "" {
+			panic("mujica: EmptyState Query needs EmptyNoResults")
+		}
+		title = cmp.Or(title, msg(c, "empty_state.no_data.title"))
+		desc = cmp.Or(desc, msg(c, "empty_state.no_data.description"))
+		if icon == nil {
+			icon = icons.Must("inbox")
+		}
+	case EmptyNoResults:
+		title = cmp.Or(title, msg(c, "empty_state.no_results.title"))
+		if desc == "" && opts.Query != "" {
+			desc = fmt.Sprintf(msg(c, "empty_state.no_results.query"), opts.Query)
+		}
+		desc = cmp.Or(desc, msg(c, "empty_state.no_results.description"))
+		if icon == nil {
+			icon = icons.Must("search")
+		}
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: unknown EmptyKind %d", int(opts.Kind)))
+	}
+	var res EmptyStateResult
+	res.Element = ui.Column(c).FillWidth().AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u*2).Padding(u*8, u*4).Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(title)
+	res.Element.Children(func() {
+		if !opts.NoIcon {
+			ui.Icon(c, icon).Size(32, 32).TextColor(k.TextMuted).Margin(0, 0, u*2, 0)
+		}
+		ui.Text(c, title).Font(theme.SerifFont).FontSize(theme.H3Size).TextColor(k.Text).TextAlign(ui.Center)
+		ui.Text(c, desc).TextColor(k.TextMuted).TextAlign(ui.Center).MaxWidth(360).LineHeight(theme.LineHeight)
+		if opts.Action != "" {
+			ui.Box(c).Margin(u*2, 0, 0, 0).Children(func() {
+				res.Action = Button(c, opts.Action, ButtonOptions{Variant: Secondary}).Clicked()
+			})
+		}
+	})
+	return res
+}
diff --git a/empty_state_test.go b/empty_state_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..246b611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/empty_state_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+)
+
+func TestEmptyStateKinds(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := EmptyStateOptions{}
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		EmptyState(c, opts)
+	}, 500, 400)
+	if !tt.HasText("Nothing here yet") || !tt.HasText("Items you add will appear here.") {
+		t.Fatalf("no data: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	opts = EmptyStateOptions{Kind: EmptyNoResults, Query: "invoice"}
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !tt.HasText("No results") || !tt.HasText("Nothing matches “invoice”.") {
+		t.Fatalf("no results: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	opts = EmptyStateOptions{Kind: EmptyNoResults}
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !tt.HasText("Try other words or clear the filters.") {
+		t.Fatalf("no results without query: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmptyStateActionKeyboard(t *testing.T) {
+	n := 0
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{Locale: ZhCN})
+		if EmptyState(c, EmptyStateOptions{Kind: EmptyNoResults, Query: "发票", Action: "清除搜索"}).Action {
+			n++
+		}
+	}, 500, 400)
+	if !tt.HasText("没有与“发票”匹配的内容。") {
+		t.Fatalf("texts %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if err := tt.Click("清除搜索"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if n != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("actions %d", n)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmptyStatePanics(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, o := range map[string]EmptyStateOptions{
+		"icon and no icon":   {Icon: icons.Must("inbox"), NoIcon: true},
+		"query without kind": {Query: "x"},
+		"unknown kind":       {Kind: 9},
+	} {
+		func() {
+			defer func() {
+				if recover() == nil {
+					t.Errorf("%s: no panic", name)
+				}
+			}()
+			ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) { Use(c, Settings{}); EmptyState(c, o) }, 300, 200)
+		}()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmptyStateSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "empty_state", 640, 280, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		ui.Row(c).Padding(12).Gap(12).Children(func() {
+			ui.Column(c).Grow(1).Basis(0).Children(func() {
+				EmptyState(c, EmptyStateOptions{Action: "New project"})
+			})
+			ui.Column(c).Grow(1).Basis(0).Children(func() {
+				EmptyState(c, EmptyStateOptions{Kind: EmptyNoResults, Query: "quarterly", Action: "Clear search"})
+			})
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/loading_overlay.go b/loading_overlay.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f8ba0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/loading_overlay.go
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/internal"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// LoadingOverlayOptions configure a LoadingOverlay.
+type LoadingOverlayOptions struct {
+	// Label explains the wait; empty uses "Loading…".
+	Label string
+	// Cancel labels a button that reports Canceled; empty shows none.
+	Cancel string
+}
+
+// LoadingOverlayResult is what a LoadingOverlay built and reported this frame.
+type LoadingOverlayResult struct {
+	Element *ui.Element
+	// Canceled reports the cancel button or Escape while loading.
+	Canceled bool
+}
+
+// LoadingOverlay builds content and, while loading, covers it with a
+// spinner and label. Covered content takes no pointer, keys or focus;
+// the rest of the window stays usable. Focus inside moves to the overlay.
+func LoadingOverlay(c *ui.Context, loading bool, opts LoadingOverlayOptions, content func()) LoadingOverlayResult {
+	if content == nil {
+		panic("mujica: LoadingOverlay needs content")
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	label := cmp.Or(opts.Label, msg(c, "loading_overlay.label"))
+	var res LoadingOverlayResult
+	box := ui.Box(c)
+	was := ui.Local(box, "loading_overlay.loading", func() bool { return false })
+	if loading != *was {
+		slog.Debug("mujica: loading_overlay changed", "loading", loading)
+		if loading {
+			c.Announce(label)
+		}
+		*was = loading
+	}
+	box.Children(func() {
+		inner := ui.Column(c).FillWidth().Disabled(loading)
+		inner.Children(content)
+		if !loading {
+			return
+		}
+		held := inner.FocusWithin()
+		scrim := ui.Column(c).Absolute().Left(0).Top(0).Right(0).Bottom(0).Center().Padding(u * 4).
+			Background(k.Background.Alpha(0.5)).Radius(theme.CardRadius)
+		scrim.Transition(ui.ElementTransition{Duration: theme.StateDuration, Enter: &ui.Motion{}, Exit: &ui.Motion{}})
+		scrim.Children(func() {
+			panel := ui.Column(c).AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u*3).Padding(u*4, u*6).Radius(theme.PopupRadius).
+				Background(k.Surface).Border(theme.BorderWidth, k.Border).Role(ui.RoleStatus).Label(label)
+			if opts.Cancel == "" {
+				// Without a button the panel keeps the focus in the region.
+				internal.Ring(panel.Focusable(), k.Focus, theme.PopupRadius)
+				if held {
+					panel.Focus()
+				}
+			}
+			panel.Children(func() {
+				ui.Row(c).Gap(u * 2).AlignItems(ui.Center).Children(func() {
+					Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{Size: 20, Label: label})
+					ui.Text(c, label).TextColor(k.Text)
+				})
+				if opts.Cancel == "" {
+					return
+				}
+				b := Button(c, opts.Cancel, ButtonOptions{Variant: Secondary})
+				if held {
+					b.Focus()
+				}
+				if b.Clicked() {
+					res.Canceled = true
+				}
+			})
+			if opts.Cancel != "" && panel.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape) {
+				res.Canceled = true
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	if res.Canceled {
+		slog.Debug("mujica: loading_overlay canceled")
+	}
+	res.Element = box
+	return res
+}
diff --git a/messages_feedback.go b/messages_feedback.go
index c7ec2d0..527754c 100644
--- a/messages_feedback.go
+++ b/messages_feedback.go
@@ -3,5 +3,49 @@ package mujica
 func init() {
 	addMessages(map[string][2]string{
 		"loading": {"Loading", "加载中"},
+
+		"alert.close":   {"Dismiss", "关闭"},
+		"alert.info":    {"Information", "信息"},
+		"alert.success": {"Success", "成功"},
+		"alert.warning": {"Warning", "警告"},
+		"alert.error":   {"Error", "错误"},
+
+		"toast.close":  {"Dismiss notification", "关闭通知"},
+		"toast.region": {"Notifications", "通知"},
+
+		"progress.indeterminate": {"In progress", "进行中"},
+		"meter.normal":           {"Normal", "正常"},
+		"meter.warning":          {"High", "偏高"},
+		"meter.critical":         {"Critical", "严重"},
+		"meter.low_warning":      {"Low", "偏低"},
+
+		"empty_state.no_data.title":          {"Nothing here yet", "暂无内容"},
+		"empty_state.no_data.description":    {"Items you add will appear here.", "添加的内容会显示在这里。"},
+		"empty_state.no_results.title":       {"No results", "没有结果"},
+		"empty_state.no_results.description": {"Try other words or clear the filters.", "请换个关键词，或清除筛选条件。"},
+		"empty_state.no_results.query":       {"Nothing matches “%s”.", "没有与“%s”匹配的内容。"},
+
+		"result.success.title":   {"Done", "操作成功"},
+		"result.failure.title":   {"Something went wrong", "操作失败"},
+		"result.forbidden.title": {"No access", "无访问权限"},
+
+		"status_indicator.success": {"Healthy", "正常"},
+		"status_indicator.warning": {"Degraded", "警告"},
+		"status_indicator.error":   {"Failing", "错误"},
+		"status_indicator.offline": {"Offline", "离线"},
+		"status_indicator.busy":    {"Working", "处理中"},
+
+		"notification_center.title":         {"Notifications", "通知"},
+		"notification_center.unread":        {"%d unread", "%d 条未读"},
+		"notification_center.unread_mark":   {"Unread", "未读"},
+		"notification_center.mark_read":     {"Mark read", "标为已读"},
+		"notification_center.mark_unread":   {"Mark unread", "标为未读"},
+		"notification_center.mark_all_read": {"Mark all read", "全部已读"},
+		"notification_center.clear":         {"Clear", "清除"},
+		"notification_center.clear_all":     {"Clear all", "全部清除"},
+		"notification_center.empty":         {"You're all caught up", "没有新通知"},
+		"notification_center.empty_hint":    {"New notifications will appear here.", "新的通知会显示在这里。"},
+
+		"loading_overlay.label": {"Loading…", "正在加载…"},
 	})
 }
diff --git a/notification_center.go b/notification_center.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b2cc8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notification_center.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+	"mujicaui/internal"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// Notification is one in-app message. The caller owns and persists the list.
+type Notification struct {
+	// ID is required and unique within the list.
+	ID    string
+	Title string
+	Body  string
+	// Time shows as given, as "5 min ago".
+	Time string
+	Read bool
+	// Action labels a button; empty shows none.
+	Action string
+}
+
+// NotificationCenterOptions configure a NotificationCenter.
+type NotificationCenterOptions struct {
+	// Title uses the built-in "Notifications" when empty.
+	Title string
+}
+
+// NotificationCenterResult reports the frame's events by notification ID.
+type NotificationCenterResult struct {
+	Element *ui.Element
+	Action  string
+	// Toggled changed its Read state; Opened was clicked and is now read.
+	Toggled string
+	Opened  string
+	Removed string
+	// MarkedAllRead and ClearedAll report the header buttons.
+	MarkedAllRead bool
+	ClearedAll    bool
+}
+
+// NotificationCenter lists *items and edits them in place: read, unread,
+// remove, clear. The list is one Tab stop; arrows move among its buttons
+// and Delete removes the focused notification.
+func NotificationCenter(c *ui.Context, items *[]Notification, opts NotificationCenterOptions) NotificationCenterResult {
+	if items == nil {
+		panic("mujica: NotificationCenter needs items")
+	}
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	unread := 0
+	for _, n := range *items {
+		if n.ID == "" || seen[n.ID] {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: notification ID %q empty or repeated", n.ID))
+		}
+		seen[n.ID] = true
+		if !n.Read {
+			unread++
+		}
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	title := cmp.Or(opts.Title, msg(c, "notification_center.title"))
+	var res NotificationCenterResult
+	panel := ui.Column(c).FillWidth().Radius(theme.CardRadius).Background(k.Surface).Border(theme.BorderWidth, k.Border).
+		Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(title).Clip()
+	panel.Children(func() {
+		ui.Row(c).AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u*2).Padding(u*3, u*3, u*3, u*4).Children(func() {
+			ui.Text(c, title).Font(theme.SerifFont).FontSize(theme.H3Size).TextColor(k.Text)
+			if unread > 0 {
+				ui.Text(c, fmt.Sprintf(msg(c, "notification_center.unread"), unread)).FontSize(theme.CaptionSize).TextColor(k.AccentText)
+			}
+			ui.Spacer(c)
+			if Button(c, msg(c, "notification_center.mark_all_read"), ButtonOptions{Variant: Ghost, Disabled: unread == 0}).Clicked() {
+				for i := range *items {
+					(*items)[i].Read = true
+				}
+				res.MarkedAllRead = true
+				slog.Debug("mujica: notification_center mark all read", "count", unread)
+			}
+			if Button(c, msg(c, "notification_center.clear_all"), ButtonOptions{Variant: Ghost, Disabled: len(*items) == 0}).Clicked() {
+				slog.Debug("mujica: notification_center clear all", "count", len(*items))
+				*items = (*items)[:0]
+				res.ClearedAll = true
+			}
+		})
+		// Ornament hairline under the panel title.
+		ui.Box(c).FillWidth().Height(1).Background(k.Ornament).Role(ui.RoleNone)
+		if len(*items) == 0 && !res.ClearedAll {
+			EmptyState(c, EmptyStateOptions{
+				Title:       msg(c, "notification_center.empty"),
+				Description: msg(c, "notification_center.empty_hint"),
+				Icon:        icons.Must("bell"),
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		list := ui.Scroll(c).Grow(1).Shrink(1).FillWidth().Role(ui.RoleList).FocusGroup(ui.Vertical | ui.Horizontal)
+		list.Dividers(theme.BorderWidth, k.Border)
+		list.Children(func() {
+			for i := range *items {
+				notificationRow(c, k, u, &(*items)[i], &res)
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	if res.Removed != "" {
+		for i, n := range *items {
+			if n.ID == res.Removed {
+				*items = append((*items)[:i], (*items)[i+1:]...)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	res.Element = panel
+	return res
+}
+
+func notificationRow(c *ui.Context, k theme.Tokens, u float32, n *Notification, res *NotificationCenterResult) {
+	name := n.Title
+	if !n.Read {
+		name = msg(c, "notification_center.unread_mark") + ": " + n.Title
+	}
+	row := ui.Row(c).Key(n.ID).FillWidth().AlignItems(ui.Start).Gap(u*2).Padding(u*3, u*3, u*3, u*2).
+		Role(ui.RoleListItem).Label(name)
+	if row.Hovered() {
+		row.Background(k.SurfaceHover)
+	}
+	row.Children(func() {
+		// Unread mark: a diamond and bold title, not color alone.
+		ui.Box(c).Size(12, 20).Shrink(0).Role(ui.RoleNone).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+			if !n.Read {
+				p.FillPath(internal.Diamond(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, 8), k.AccentText)
+			}
+		})
+		open := ui.ButtonBase(c).Grow(1).Shrink(1).Column().AlignItems(ui.Start).Justify(ui.Start).Gap(u).
+			Radius(theme.ControlRadius).Label(name)
+		internal.Ring(open, k.Focus, theme.ControlRadius)
+		open.Children(func() {
+			ui.Row(c).FillWidth().Gap(u * 2).Children(func() {
+				t := ui.Text(c, n.Title).TextColor(k.Text).Grow(1).Shrink(1)
+				if !n.Read {
+					t.Bold()
+				}
+				if n.Time != "" {
+					ui.Text(c, n.Time).FontSize(theme.CaptionSize).TextColor(k.TextMuted).SingleLine()
+				}
+			})
+			if n.Body != "" {
+				ui.Text(c, n.Body).TextColor(k.TextMuted).LineHeight(theme.LineHeight)
+			}
+		})
+		if open.Clicked() && !n.Read {
+			n.Read, res.Opened = true, n.ID
+			slog.Debug("mujica: notification_center opened", "id", n.ID)
+		}
+		ui.Row(c).Gap(u).AlignItems(ui.Center).Children(func() {
+			if n.Action != "" && Button(c, n.Action, ButtonOptions{Variant: Outline}).Clicked() {
+				res.Action = n.ID
+				slog.Debug("mujica: notification_center action", "id", n.ID)
+			}
+			toggle, icon := "notification_center.mark_read", icons.Must("check")
+			if n.Read {
+				toggle, icon = "notification_center.mark_unread", icons.Must("circle")
+			}
+			if notificationIconButton(c, k, u, icon, msg(c, toggle)).Clicked() {
+				n.Read, res.Toggled = !n.Read, n.ID
+				slog.Debug("mujica: notification_center toggled", "id", n.ID, "read", n.Read)
+			}
+			if notificationIconButton(c, k, u, icons.Must("x"), msg(c, "notification_center.clear")).Clicked() {
+				res.Removed = n.ID
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	if row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyDelete) || row.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyBackspace) {
+		res.Removed = n.ID
+	}
+	if res.Removed == n.ID {
+		slog.Debug("mujica: notification_center removed", "id", n.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func notificationIconButton(c *ui.Context, k theme.Tokens, u float32, icon *ui.SVG, label string) *ui.Element {
+	b := Button(c, "", ButtonOptions{Variant: Ghost, Icon: icon, Label: label})
+	b.TextColor(k.TextMuted).Padding(0, u).Tooltip(label)
+	return b
+}
diff --git a/progress.go b/progress.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0059af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/progress.go
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// ProgressShape is how a progress indicator draws. The zero value is ProgressLinear.
+type ProgressShape int
+
+const (
+	ProgressLinear ProgressShape = iota
+	ProgressRing
+)
+
+// ProgressOptions configure a Progress.
+type ProgressOptions struct {
+	Shape ProgressShape
+	// Indeterminate shows work of unknown length; the value is ignored.
+	Indeterminate bool
+	// Label names the indicator and shows beside it; empty reads "Loading".
+	Label     string
+	ShowValue bool
+	// Size is the ring diameter (48 DIP when zero) or the bar width (fills when zero).
+	Size float32
+}
+
+// Progress shows value, from 0 to 1, of work done. It panics outside that range.
+// Indeterminate indicators move only while painted and hold still under reduced motion.
+func Progress(c *ui.Context, value float64, opts ProgressOptions) *ui.Element {
+	if !opts.Indeterminate && (math.IsNaN(value) || value < 0 || value > 1) {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: Progress value %v outside 0..1", value))
+	}
+	if opts.Size < 0 {
+		panic("mujica: negative Progress Size")
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	still := c.Preferences().ReduceMotion
+	name := opts.Label
+	if name == "" {
+		name = msg(c, "loading")
+	}
+	acc := value
+	if opts.Indeterminate {
+		acc = -1
+	}
+	caption := ""
+	switch {
+	case opts.Indeterminate && still:
+		caption = msg(c, "progress.indeterminate")
+	case !opts.Indeterminate && opts.ShowValue:
+		caption = strconv.Itoa(int(math.Round(value*100))) + "%"
+	}
+	if opts.Shape == ProgressRing {
+		return progressRing(c, k, u, acc, name, caption, opts, still)
+	}
+	col := ui.Column(c).Gap(u * 1.5)
+	if opts.Size > 0 {
+		col.Width(opts.Size)
+	} else {
+		col.FillWidth()
+	}
+	col.Children(func() {
+		if opts.Label != "" || caption != "" {
+			ui.Row(c).Gap(u * 2).Children(func() {
+				ui.Text(c, opts.Label).TextColor(k.Text).Grow(1).Shrink(1)
+				ui.Text(c, caption).TextColor(k.TextMuted).FontSize(theme.CaptionSize).FontFeatures("tnum").SingleLine()
+			})
+		}
+		bar := ui.Progress(c, acc).Label(name).FillWidth().Height(u * 1.5).Radius(theme.ControlRadius).Background(k.Border)
+		shown := float32(value)
+		if !opts.Indeterminate {
+			shown = bar.Animate("progress.value", shown, theme.StateDuration)
+		}
+		bar.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+			switch {
+			case !opts.Indeterminate:
+				p.Fill(ui.Rect{X: r.X, Y: r.Y, W: r.W * shown, H: r.H}, k.AccentText, theme.ControlRadius)
+			case still:
+				p.Fill(r, k.AccentText.Alpha(0.4), theme.ControlRadius)
+			default:
+				p.AnimationFrame()
+				phase := float32(p.Now().UnixMilli()%1400) / 1400
+				w := r.W * 0.3
+				x := r.X - w + (r.W+w)*phase
+				p.Clip(r, theme.ControlRadius, func() {
+					p.Fill(ui.Rect{X: x, Y: r.Y, W: w, H: r.H}, k.AccentText, theme.ControlRadius)
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	return col
+}
+
+func progressRing(c *ui.Context, k theme.Tokens, u float32, acc float64, name, caption string, opts ProgressOptions, still bool) *ui.Element {
+	d := opts.Size
+	if d == 0 {
+		d = 48
+	}
+	row := ui.Row(c).AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u * 2)
+	row.Children(func() {
+		ring := ui.Progress(c, acc).Label(name).Size(d, d).Radius(0).Background(ui.Transparent)
+		shown := float32(acc)
+		if !opts.Indeterminate {
+			shown = ring.Animate("progress.value", shown, theme.StateDuration)
+		}
+		stroke := max(3, d/10)
+		ring.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+			cx, cy, rad := r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2, (r.W-stroke)/2
+			var track ui.Path
+			track.Circle(cx, cy, rad)
+			p.StrokePath(&track, stroke, k.Border)
+			switch {
+			case !opts.Indeterminate:
+				if shown > 0 {
+					p.StrokePath(progressArc(cx, cy, rad, 0, shown), stroke, k.AccentText)
+				}
+			case still:
+				p.StrokePath(&track, stroke, k.AccentText.Alpha(0.4))
+			default:
+				p.AnimationFrame()
+				start := float32(p.Now().UnixMilli()%1200) / 1200
+				p.StrokePath(progressArc(cx, cy, rad, start, start+0.25), stroke, k.AccentText)
+			}
+		})
+		if caption != "" && d >= 44 && !opts.Indeterminate {
+			ring.Children(func() {
+				ui.Text(c, caption).FontSize(theme.CaptionSize).FontFeatures("tnum").TextColor(k.Text)
+			})
+			ring.Center()
+		}
+		if opts.Label != "" || (caption != "" && (d < 44 || opts.Indeterminate)) {
+			ui.Column(c).Children(func() {
+				if opts.Label != "" {
+					ui.Text(c, opts.Label).TextColor(k.Text)
+				}
+				if caption != "" && (d < 44 || opts.Indeterminate) {
+					ui.Text(c, caption).TextColor(k.TextMuted).FontSize(theme.CaptionSize)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+	return row
+}
+
+// progressArc is the arc from turn a to turn b, clockwise from twelve o'clock.
+func progressArc(cx, cy, r float32, a, b float32) *ui.Path {
+	var p ui.Path
+	n := max(2, int(math.Ceil(float64((b-a)*64))))
+	for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {
+		t := float64(a + (b-a)*float32(i)/float32(n))
+		x := cx + r*float32(math.Sin(2*math.Pi*t))
+		y := cy - r*float32(math.Cos(2*math.Pi*t))
+		if i == 0 {
+			p.MoveTo(x, y)
+		} else {
+			p.LineTo(x, y)
+		}
+	}
+	return &p
+}
+
+// MeterOptions configure a Meter.
+type MeterOptions struct {
+	// Min and Max bound the value; both zero mean 0 to 1.
+	Min, Max float64
+	// Levels mark the value High from Warning and Critical from Critical;
+	// Critical below Warning flags low values instead. Nil marks none.
+	Levels    *ui.MeterLevels
+	Label     string
+	ShowValue bool
+	// Width is the bar width; zero fills.
+	Width float32
+}
+
+// meterLevel is 0 normal, 1 warning, 2 critical.
+func meterLevel(v float64, l *ui.MeterLevels) int {
+	if l == nil || l.Warning == l.Critical {
+		return 0
+	}
+	low := l.Critical < l.Warning
+	switch {
+	case !low && v >= l.Critical, low && v <= l.Critical:
+		return 2
+	case !low && v >= l.Warning, low && v <= l.Warning:
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// Meter shows a level within a range, as disk use. Thresholds show as
+// ticks and the level as a word as well as a color. It panics on a value outside the range.
+func Meter(c *ui.Context, value float64, opts MeterOptions) *ui.Element {
+	lo, hi := opts.Min, opts.Max
+	if lo == 0 && hi == 0 {
+		hi = 1
+	}
+	if !(hi > lo) {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: Meter range %v..%v is empty", lo, hi))
+	}
+	if math.IsNaN(value) || value < lo || value > hi {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: Meter value %v outside %v..%v", value, lo, hi))
+	}
+	if l := opts.Levels; l != nil && (l.Warning < lo || l.Warning > hi || l.Critical < lo || l.Critical > hi) {
+		panic("mujica: Meter levels outside the range")
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	level := meterLevel(value, opts.Levels)
+	tone := []ui.Color{k.Success, k.Warning, k.Danger}[level]
+	var word string
+	if opts.Levels != nil {
+		low := opts.Levels.Critical < opts.Levels.Warning
+		word = msg(c, "meter.normal")
+		switch {
+		case level == 2:
+			word = msg(c, "meter.critical")
+		case level == 1 && low:
+			word = msg(c, "meter.low_warning")
+		case level == 1:
+			word = msg(c, "meter.warning")
+		}
+	}
+	frac := func(v float64) float32 { return float32((v - lo) / (hi - lo)) }
+	col := ui.Column(c).Gap(u * 1.5)
+	if opts.Width > 0 {
+		col.Width(opts.Width)
+	} else {
+		col.FillWidth()
+	}
+	col.Children(func() {
+		caption := word
+		if opts.ShowValue {
+			caption = strconv.FormatFloat(value, 'f', -1, 64) + " / " + strconv.FormatFloat(hi, 'f', -1, 64)
+			if word != "" {
+				caption += " · " + word
+			}
+		}
+		if opts.Label != "" || caption != "" {
+			ui.Row(c).Gap(u * 2).Children(func() {
+				ui.Text(c, opts.Label).TextColor(k.Text).Grow(1).Shrink(1)
+				ui.Text(c, caption).TextColor(k.TextMuted).FontSize(theme.CaptionSize).FontFeatures("tnum").SingleLine()
+			})
+		}
+		name := opts.Label
+		if word != "" {
+			name += " (" + word + ")"
+		}
+		bar := ui.Meter(c, value, lo, hi, opts.Levels).Label(name).FillWidth().Height(u * 2).
+			Radius(theme.ControlRadius).Background(k.Border)
+		bar.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+			p.Fill(ui.Rect{X: r.X, Y: r.Y, W: r.W * frac(value), H: r.H}, tone, theme.ControlRadius)
+		})
+		if l := opts.Levels; l != nil {
+			// Ticks at the thresholds, over the fill.
+			bar.DrawOver(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+				for _, v := range []float64{l.Warning, l.Critical} {
+					x := float32(math.Round(float64(r.X + r.W*frac(v))))
+					p.Fill(ui.Rect{X: x - 1, Y: r.Y, W: 2, H: r.H}, k.Text.Alpha(0.6), 0)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+	return col
+}
diff --git a/progress_test.go b/progress_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de54799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/progress_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func TestProgressValueText(t *testing.T) {
+	v := 0.424
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Progress(c, v, ProgressOptions{Label: "Uploading", ShowValue: true})
+		Progress(c, 1, ProgressOptions{Shape: ProgressRing, Label: "Indexing", ShowValue: true})
+	}, 400, 300)
+	if !tt.HasText("42%") || !tt.HasText("100%") {
+		t.Fatalf("texts %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	if r, ok := tt.Find("Indexing"); !ok || r.H < 48 {
+		t.Fatalf("ring %v %v", r, ok)
+	}
+	v = 0
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !tt.HasText("0%") {
+		t.Fatalf("texts %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProgressIndeterminateReducedMotion(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Progress(c, math.NaN(), ProgressOptions{Indeterminate: true, Label: "Connecting"})
+	}, 400, 300)
+	if tt.HasText("In progress") {
+		t.Fatal("static note shown while moving")
+	}
+	tt.SetPreferences(ui.Preferences{ReduceMotion: true, TextScale: 1})
+	if !tt.HasText("In progress") {
+		t.Fatal("no static note under reduced motion")
+	}
+	a := encode(t, tt.Image())
+	tt.Frame()
+	if string(a) != string(encode(t, tt.Image())) {
+		t.Fatal("indeterminate bar moved under reduced motion")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProgressRingSize(t *testing.T) {
+	var w float32
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		ui.Row(c).Children(func() {
+			w = Progress(c, 0.5, ProgressOptions{Shape: ProgressRing, Size: 24}).Bounds().W
+		})
+	}, 400, 300)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if w != 24 {
+		t.Fatalf("ring width %v", w)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeterLevels(t *testing.T) {
+	disk := &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 80, Critical: 95}
+	battery := &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 20, Critical: 10}
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		v      float64
+		levels *ui.MeterLevels
+		want   int
+	}{
+		{50, disk, 0}, {80, disk, 1}, {94.9, disk, 1}, {95, disk, 2}, {100, disk, 2},
+		{50, battery, 0}, {20, battery, 1}, {10, battery, 2}, {0, battery, 2}, {99, nil, 0},
+	} {
+		if got := meterLevel(tc.v, tc.levels); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("meterLevel(%v, %+v) = %d, want %d", tc.v, tc.levels, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeterWords(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{Locale: ZhCN})
+		Meter(c, 90, MeterOptions{Max: 100, Levels: &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 80, Critical: 95}, Label: "磁盘", ShowValue: true})
+		Meter(c, 15, MeterOptions{Max: 100, Levels: &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 20, Critical: 10}, Label: "电量"})
+	}, 400, 300)
+	if !tt.HasText("90 / 100 · 偏高") || !tt.HasText("偏低") {
+		t.Fatalf("texts %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	if _, ok := tt.Find("磁盘 (偏高)"); !ok {
+		t.Fatal("meter name lacks its level")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProgressAndMeterPanics(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, f := range map[string]func(c *ui.Context){
+		"progress above 1":  func(c *ui.Context) { Progress(c, 1.2, ProgressOptions{}) },
+		"progress NaN":      func(c *ui.Context) { Progress(c, math.NaN(), ProgressOptions{}) },
+		"meter empty range": func(c *ui.Context) { Meter(c, 5, MeterOptions{Min: 10, Max: 10}) },
+		"meter outside":     func(c *ui.Context) { Meter(c, 2, MeterOptions{}) },
+		"meter levels":      func(c *ui.Context) { Meter(c, 5, MeterOptions{Max: 10, Levels: &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 8, Critical: 12}}) },
+	} {
+		func() {
+			defer func() {
+				if recover() == nil {
+					t.Errorf("%s: no panic", name)
+				}
+			}()
+			ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) { Use(c, Settings{}); f(c) }, 300, 200)
+		}()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProgressSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "progress", 520, 300, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		ui.Column(c).Padding(20).Gap(16).Children(func() {
+			Progress(c, 0.62, ProgressOptions{Label: "Uploading 3 files", ShowValue: true})
+			Progress(c, 0, ProgressOptions{Indeterminate: true, Label: "Connecting"})
+			ui.Row(c).Gap(24).AlignItems(ui.Center).Children(func() {
+				Progress(c, 0.35, ProgressOptions{Shape: ProgressRing, ShowValue: true})
+				Progress(c, 0.8, ProgressOptions{Shape: ProgressRing, Size: 24, Label: "Indexing", ShowValue: true})
+				Progress(c, 0, ProgressOptions{Shape: ProgressRing, Indeterminate: true, Label: "Waiting"})
+			})
+			Meter(c, 42, MeterOptions{Max: 100, Label: "Memory", ShowValue: true, Levels: &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 70, Critical: 90}})
+			Meter(c, 93, MeterOptions{Max: 100, Label: "Disk", ShowValue: true, Levels: &ui.MeterLevels{Warning: 70, Critical: 90}})
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/result.go b/result.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70814d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/result.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+	"mujicaui/internal"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// ResultKind is the outcome a Result page reports. The zero value is ResultSuccess.
+type ResultKind int
+
+const (
+	ResultSuccess ResultKind = iota
+	ResultFailure
+	ResultForbidden
+)
+
+// ResultOptions configure a Result.
+type ResultOptions struct {
+	Kind ResultKind
+	// Title uses the kind's built-in copy when empty.
+	Title       string
+	Description string
+	// Actions label the next steps; the first is the primary button.
+	Actions []string
+}
+
+// ResultResult is what a Result built and reported this frame.
+type ResultResult struct {
+	Element *ui.Element
+	// Action is the index of the clicked action, -1 for none.
+	Action int
+}
+
+// Result reports the outcome of a finished task and offers next steps.
+// It only reports the chosen step; the caller navigates.
+func Result(c *ui.Context, opts ResultOptions) ResultResult {
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	var tone ui.Color
+	var icon *ui.SVG
+	var key string
+	switch opts.Kind {
+	case ResultSuccess:
+		tone, icon, key = k.Success, icons.Must("circle-check"), "result.success.title"
+	case ResultFailure:
+		tone, icon, key = k.Danger, icons.Must("circle-x"), "result.failure.title"
+	case ResultForbidden:
+		tone, icon, key = k.Warning, icons.Must("shield-off"), "result.forbidden.title"
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: unknown ResultKind %d", int(opts.Kind)))
+	}
+	title := cmp.Or(opts.Title, msg(c, key))
+	res := ResultResult{Action: -1}
+	res.Element = ui.Column(c).FillWidth().AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u*3).Padding(u*10, u*6).Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(title)
+	res.Element.Children(func() {
+		ui.Icon(c, icon).Size(48, 48).TextColor(tone)
+		ui.Text(c, title).Font(theme.SerifFont).FontSize(theme.H2Size).TextColor(k.Text).TextAlign(ui.Center)
+		if opts.Description != "" {
+			ui.Text(c, opts.Description).TextColor(k.TextMuted).TextAlign(ui.Center).MaxWidth(420).LineHeight(theme.LineHeight)
+		}
+		resultOrnament(c, k)
+		if len(opts.Actions) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		ui.Row(c).Gap(u * 3).Wrap().Justify(ui.Center).Children(func() {
+			for i, a := range opts.Actions {
+				v := Secondary
+				if i == 0 {
+					v = Primary
+				}
+				if Button(c, a, ButtonOptions{Variant: v}).Key(i).Clicked() {
+					slog.Debug("mujica: result action", "kind", opts.Kind, "index", i)
+					res.Action = i
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	return res
+}
+
+// resultOrnament draws two hairlines meeting a diamond, in ornament gold.
+func resultOrnament(c *ui.Context, k theme.Tokens) {
+	ui.Box(c).Size(160, 12).Role(ui.RoleNone).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+		cy := float32(int(r.Y+r.H/2)) + 0.5
+		cx := r.X + r.W/2
+		p.Line(r.X, cy, cx-9, cy, 1, k.Ornament)
+		p.Line(cx+9, cy, r.X+r.W, cy, 1, k.Ornament)
+		p.FillPath(internal.Diamond(cx, cy, 8), k.Ornament)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/result_test.go b/result_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7ec69f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/result_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func TestResultActions(t *testing.T) {
+	got := []int{}
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		if a := Result(c, ResultOptions{Kind: ResultFailure, Description: "The payment was declined.", Actions: []string{"Try again", "Back to cart"}}).Action; a >= 0 {
+			got = append(got, a)
+		}
+	}, 600, 500)
+	if !tt.HasText("Something went wrong") {
+		t.Fatalf("texts %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+	if err := tt.Click("Back to cart"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if len(got) != 2 || got[0] != 1 || got[1] != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("actions %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResultTitles(t *testing.T) {
+	for kind, want := range map[ResultKind]string{ResultSuccess: "操作成功", ResultFailure: "操作失败", ResultForbidden: "无访问权限"} {
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			Use(c, Settings{Locale: ZhCN})
+			Result(c, ResultOptions{Kind: kind})
+		}, 500, 400)
+		if !tt.HasText(want) {
+			t.Errorf("%d: texts %q", kind, tt.Texts())
+		}
+	}
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Result(c, ResultOptions{Title: "Order placed"})
+	}, 500, 400)
+	if !tt.HasText("Order placed") || tt.HasText("Done") {
+		t.Fatalf("custom title: %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResultPanicsOnUnknownKind(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Fatal("no panic")
+		}
+	}()
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) { Use(c, Settings{}); Result(c, ResultOptions{Kind: 7}) }, 300, 200)
+}
+
+func TestResultSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "result", 520, 340, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Result(c, ResultOptions{
+			Kind:        ResultForbidden,
+			Description: "You need the Editor role to change billing settings.",
+			Actions:     []string{"Request access", "Go back"},
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/skeleton.go b/skeleton.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eefa1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/skeleton.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// SkeletonShape is the placeholder's form. The zero value is SkeletonText.
+type SkeletonShape int
+
+const (
+	SkeletonText SkeletonShape = iota
+	SkeletonCircle
+	SkeletonRect
+)
+
+// SkeletonOptions configure a Skeleton. Sizes are fixed so content does not shift.
+type SkeletonOptions struct {
+	Shape SkeletonShape
+	// Width fills the parent when zero; a circle uses it as its diameter (40 DIP when zero).
+	Width float32
+	// Height is the rect height (ControlHeight when zero); text derives it from Lines.
+	Height float32
+	// Lines is the text line count, 1 when zero; the last of several is shorter.
+	Lines int
+}
+
+// Skeleton stands in for content that is loading. It pulses while painted
+// and shows a static fill under reduced motion.
+func Skeleton(c *ui.Context, opts SkeletonOptions) *ui.Element {
+	if opts.Width < 0 || opts.Height < 0 || opts.Lines < 0 {
+		panic("mujica: negative Skeleton size")
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	still := c.Preferences().ReduceMotion
+	fill := k.SurfaceHover
+	if k.Dark {
+		fill = k.Border
+	}
+	paint := func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect, radius float32) {
+		a := float32(1)
+		if !still {
+			p.AnimationFrame()
+			t := float64(p.Now().UnixMilli()%1600) / 1600
+			a = 0.55 + 0.45*float32(0.5+0.5*math.Cos(2*math.Pi*t))
+		}
+		p.Fill(r, fill.Alpha(a), radius)
+	}
+	e := ui.Box(c).Role(ui.RoleNone)
+	if opts.Width > 0 {
+		e.Width(opts.Width)
+	} else if opts.Shape != SkeletonCircle {
+		e.FillWidth()
+	}
+	switch opts.Shape {
+	case SkeletonCircle:
+		d := opts.Width
+		if d == 0 {
+			d = 40
+		}
+		e.Size(d, d).Shrink(0).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) { paint(p, r, r.W/2) })
+	case SkeletonRect:
+		h := opts.Height
+		if h == 0 {
+			h = Density(c).ControlHeight()
+		}
+		e.Height(h).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) { paint(p, r, theme.CardRadius) })
+	default:
+		lines := max(opts.Lines, 1)
+		line := theme.BodySize * theme.LineHeight
+		e.Height(line * float32(lines)).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+			bar := theme.BodySize * 0.8
+			for i := range lines {
+				w := r.W
+				if lines > 1 && i == lines-1 {
+					w *= 0.6
+				}
+				y := r.Y + float32(i)*line + (line-bar)/2
+				paint(p, ui.Rect{X: r.X, Y: y, W: w, H: bar}, theme.ControlRadius)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	return e
+}
diff --git a/skeleton_test.go b/skeleton_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9b2661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/skeleton_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+func TestSkeletonSizes(t *testing.T) {
+	var text, circle, rect, fixed ui.Rect
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{Density: theme.Compact})
+		ui.Column(c).Width(300).AlignItems(ui.Start).Children(func() {
+			text = Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Lines: 3}).Bounds()
+			circle = Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Shape: SkeletonCircle}).Bounds()
+			rect = Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Shape: SkeletonRect}).Bounds()
+			fixed = Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Shape: SkeletonRect, Width: 120, Height: 80}).Bounds()
+		})
+	}, 400, 400)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if text.W != 300 || text.H != 63 {
+		t.Errorf("text %v", text)
+	}
+	if circle.W != 40 || circle.H != 40 {
+		t.Errorf("circle %v", circle)
+	}
+	if rect.W != 300 || rect.H != 28 {
+		t.Errorf("rect %v", rect)
+	}
+	if fixed.W != 120 || fixed.H != 80 {
+		t.Errorf("fixed %v", fixed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkeletonStaticUnderReducedMotion(t *testing.T) {
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Shape: SkeletonRect})
+	}, 200, 100)
+	a := encode(t, tt.Image())
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if bytes.Equal(a, encode(t, tt.Image())) {
+		t.Fatal("skeleton did not pulse")
+	}
+	tt.SetPreferences(ui.Preferences{ReduceMotion: true, TextScale: 1})
+	a = encode(t, tt.Image())
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !bytes.Equal(a, encode(t, tt.Image())) {
+		t.Fatal("skeleton moved under reduced motion")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkeletonPanicsOnNegativeSize(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Fatal("no panic")
+		}
+	}()
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Lines: -1})
+	}, 200, 100)
+}
+
+func TestSkeletonSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "skeleton", 420, 200, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		ui.Column(c).Padding(20).Gap(16).Children(func() {
+			ui.Row(c).Gap(12).AlignItems(ui.Center).Children(func() {
+				Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Shape: SkeletonCircle})
+				ui.Column(c).Grow(1).Children(func() {
+					Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Lines: 2})
+				})
+			})
+			Skeleton(c, SkeletonOptions{Shape: SkeletonRect, Height: 72})
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/spinner.go b/spinner.go
index b93ca02..bb4ef74 100644
--- a/spinner.go
+++ b/spinner.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type SpinnerOptions struct {
 }
 
 // Spinner draws four diamonds turning around a center while it shows.
+// It repaints only while painted: hidden, it stops. Reduced motion holds it still.
 func Spinner(c *ui.Context, opts SpinnerOptions) *ui.Element {
 	k := Tokens(c)
 	size := opts.Size
@@ -34,9 +35,10 @@ func Spinner(c *ui.Context, opts SpinnerOptions) *ui.Element {
 		color = k.AccentText
 	}
 	still := c.Preferences().ReduceMotion
-	row := ui.Row(c).Gap(Density(c).Unit() * 2).AlignItems(ui.Center).Role(ui.RoleProgress).Label(label)
+	row := ui.Row(c).Gap(Density(c).Unit() * 2).AlignItems(ui.Center)
 	row.Children(func() {
-		ui.Box(c).Size(size, size).Shrink(0).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+		// MyGo's spinner carries the indeterminate progress role.
+		ui.Spinner(c).Label(label).Size(size, size).Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
 			turn := 0.0
 			if !still {
 				turn = float64(p.Now().UnixMilli()%1200) / 1200
diff --git a/spinner_test.go b/spinner_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47a7abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spinner_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func TestSpinnerLabelAndSize(t *testing.T) {
+	var mark ui.Rect
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{Locale: ZhCN})
+		Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{})
+		Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{Size: 32, Label: "Fetching mail", ShowLabel: true})
+	}, 400, 300)
+	r, ok := tt.Find("加载中")
+	if !ok || r.W != 16 || r.H != 16 {
+		t.Fatalf("default mark %v %v", r, ok)
+	}
+	if tt.HasText("加载中") {
+		t.Fatal("hidden label painted")
+	}
+	mark, ok = tt.Find("Fetching mail")
+	if !ok || mark.W != 32 {
+		t.Fatalf("sized mark %v %v", mark, ok)
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, s := range tt.Texts() {
+		if s == "Fetching mail" {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	if n != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("label as name and text: %d of %q", n, tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpinnerMotion(t *testing.T) {
+	show := true
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		if show {
+			Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{Size: 40})
+		}
+	}, 100, 100)
+	a := encode(t, tt.Image())
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if bytes.Equal(a, encode(t, tt.Image())) {
+		t.Fatal("spinner did not turn")
+	}
+	tt.SetPreferences(ui.Preferences{ReduceMotion: true, TextScale: 1})
+	a = encode(t, tt.Image())
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !bytes.Equal(a, encode(t, tt.Image())) {
+		t.Fatal("spinner turned under reduced motion")
+	}
+	show = false
+	tt.Frame()
+	if _, ok := tt.Find("Loading"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("hidden spinner still built")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpinnerSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "spinner", 360, 100, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		ui.Row(c).Padding(24).Gap(24).AlignItems(ui.Center).Children(func() {
+			Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{})
+			Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{Size: 24})
+			Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{Size: 20, Label: "Syncing", ShowLabel: true})
+			Button(c, "Saving", ButtonOptions{Loading: true})
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/status_indicator.go b/status_indicator.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..045c642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/status_indicator.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// Status is a system or item state. The zero value is StatusSuccess.
+type Status int
+
+const (
+	StatusSuccess Status = iota
+	StatusWarning
+	StatusError
+	StatusOffline
+	StatusBusy
+)
+
+func (s Status) String() string {
+	switch s {
+	case StatusSuccess:
+		return "success"
+	case StatusWarning:
+		return "warning"
+	case StatusError:
+		return "error"
+	case StatusOffline:
+		return "offline"
+	case StatusBusy:
+		return "busy"
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("mujica: unknown Status %d", int(s)))
+}
+
+// StatusIndicatorOptions configure a StatusIndicator.
+type StatusIndicatorOptions struct {
+	// Label replaces the status's built-in word, as "Database online".
+	Label string
+}
+
+// StatusIndicator shows a status by its own shape and a word, never by color alone.
+func StatusIndicator(c *ui.Context, status Status, opts StatusIndicatorOptions) *ui.Element {
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	label := opts.Label
+	if label == "" {
+		label = msg(c, "status_indicator."+status.String())
+	}
+	var tone ui.Color
+	var icon *ui.SVG
+	switch status {
+	case StatusSuccess:
+		tone, icon = k.Success, icons.Must("circle-check")
+	case StatusWarning:
+		tone, icon = k.Warning, icons.Must("triangle-alert")
+	case StatusError:
+		tone, icon = k.Danger, icons.Must("circle-x")
+	case StatusOffline:
+		tone, icon = k.TextMuted, icons.Must("wifi-off")
+	case StatusBusy:
+		tone = k.Info
+	}
+	row := ui.Row(c).AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u * 1.5).Role(ui.RoleStatus).Label(label)
+	row.Children(func() {
+		if status == StatusBusy {
+			Spinner(c, SpinnerOptions{Size: 16, Color: tone, Label: label})
+		} else {
+			ui.Icon(c, icon).Size(16, 16).TextColor(tone)
+		}
+		ui.Text(c, label).TextColor(k.Text).FontSize(theme.BodySize).SingleLine()
+	})
+	return row
+}
diff --git a/status_indicator_test.go b/status_indicator_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b47df01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/status_indicator_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func TestStatusIndicatorWords(t *testing.T) {
+	want := map[Status]string{
+		StatusSuccess: "Healthy", StatusWarning: "Degraded", StatusError: "Failing",
+		StatusOffline: "Offline", StatusBusy: "Working",
+	}
+	for s, word := range want {
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			Use(c, Settings{})
+			StatusIndicator(c, s, StatusIndicatorOptions{})
+		}, 300, 100)
+		if !tt.HasText(word) {
+			t.Errorf("%v: texts %q", s, tt.Texts())
+		}
+	}
+	tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{Locale: ZhCN})
+		StatusIndicator(c, StatusOffline, StatusIndicatorOptions{})
+		StatusIndicator(c, StatusSuccess, StatusIndicatorOptions{Label: "Database online"})
+	}, 300, 100)
+	if !tt.HasText("离线") || !tt.HasText("Database online") || tt.HasText("正常") {
+		t.Fatalf("texts %q", tt.Texts())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStatusIndicatorShapesDiffer(t *testing.T) {
+	// The same tone would still differ by shape: render each in one color.
+	var imgs [][]byte
+	for _, s := range []Status{StatusSuccess, StatusWarning, StatusError, StatusOffline} {
+		tt := ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+			Use(c, Settings{})
+			StatusIndicator(c, s, StatusIndicatorOptions{Label: "Same"})
+		}, 120, 40)
+		imgs = append(imgs, encode(t, tt.Image()))
+	}
+	for i := range imgs {
+		for j := i + 1; j < len(imgs); j++ {
+			if string(imgs[i]) == string(imgs[j]) {
+				t.Errorf("statuses %d and %d draw alike", i, j)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStatusIndicatorPanicsOnUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Fatal("no panic")
+		}
+	}()
+	ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) { Use(c, Settings{}); StatusIndicator(c, 42, StatusIndicatorOptions{}) }, 300, 100)
+}
+
+func TestStatusIndicatorSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "status_indicator", 560, 80, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		ui.Row(c).Padding(24).Gap(20).Children(func() {
+			for _, s := range []Status{StatusSuccess, StatusWarning, StatusError, StatusOffline, StatusBusy} {
+				StatusIndicator(c, s, StatusIndicatorOptions{})
+			}
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/testdata/snapshots/darwin/alert-dark.png b/testdata/snapshots/darwin/alert-dark.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff9faed
Binary files /dev/null and b/testdata/snapshots/darwin/alert-dark.png differ
diff --git a/testdata/snapshots/darwin/alert-light.png b/testdata/snapshots/darwin/alert-light.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c34f4df
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diff --git a/testdata/snapshots/darwin/toast-dark.png b/testdata/snapshots/darwin/toast-dark.png
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diff --git a/testdata/snapshots/darwin/toast-light.png b/testdata/snapshots/darwin/toast-light.png
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diff --git a/toast.go b/toast.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e15a6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toast.go
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+
+	"mujicaui/icons"
+	"mujicaui/theme"
+)
+
+// Toast timing and stacking per window.
+const (
+	ToastDuration = 5 * time.Second
+	ToastVisible  = 3
+)
+
+// ToastMessage is one toast. Message is required.
+type ToastMessage struct {
+	// ID dedupes: showing an ID already queued replaces it. Empty uses Message.
+	ID       string
+	Severity Severity
+	Message  string
+	// Action labels a button; Toaster reports its click by ID.
+	Action string
+	// Duration is ToastDuration when zero; errors then stay until closed.
+	Duration time.Duration
+}
+
+// ToasterResult reports the toast events of a frame by message ID.
+type ToasterResult struct {
+	Action string
+	Closed string
+}
+
+type toastItem struct {
+	msg       ToastMessage
+	life      time.Duration // zero stays until closed
+	spent     time.Duration
+	runFrom   time.Time // zero while paused or queued
+	visible   bool
+	announced bool
+}
+
+// toastQueue holds a window's toasts, visible ones first in order shown.
+type toastQueue struct{ items []toastItem }
+
+type toastKey struct{}
+
+func toastLife(m ToastMessage) time.Duration {
+	switch {
+	case m.Duration < 0:
+		panic("mujica: negative toast Duration")
+	case m.Duration > 0:
+		return m.Duration
+	case m.Severity == SeverityError:
+		return 0
+	}
+	return ToastDuration
+}
+
+func (q *toastQueue) push(m ToastMessage, now time.Time) {
+	if m.Message == "" {
+		panic("mujica: toast needs a Message")
+	}
+	if m.ID == "" {
+		m.ID = m.Message
+	}
+	for i := range q.items {
+		it := &q.items[i]
+		if it.msg.ID != m.ID {
+			continue
+		}
+		it.msg, it.life, it.spent, it.announced = m, toastLife(m), 0, false
+		if it.visible && !it.runFrom.IsZero() {
+			it.runFrom = now
+		}
+		slog.Debug("mujica: toast replaced", "id", m.ID)
+		return
+	}
+	q.items = append(q.items, toastItem{msg: m, life: toastLife(m)})
+	slog.Debug("mujica: toast queued", "id", m.ID)
+	q.promote(now)
+}
+
+// promote shows queued toasts while fewer than ToastVisible show.
+func (q *toastQueue) promote(now time.Time) {
+	n := 0
+	for i := range q.items {
+		it := &q.items[i]
+		if !it.visible && n < ToastVisible {
+			it.visible, it.runFrom = true, now
+			slog.Debug("mujica: toast shown", "id", it.msg.ID)
+		}
+		if it.visible {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (it *toastItem) elapsed(now time.Time) time.Duration {
+	if it.runFrom.IsZero() {
+		return it.spent
+	}
+	return it.spent + now.Sub(it.runFrom)
+}
+
+// expire drops toasts whose time ran out and returns the wait until the next does.
+func (q *toastQueue) expire(now time.Time) (next time.Duration) {
+	live := q.items[:0]
+	for _, it := range q.items {
+		if it.visible && it.life > 0 && it.elapsed(now) >= it.life {
+			slog.Debug("mujica: toast expired", "id", it.msg.ID)
+			continue
+		}
+		live = append(live, it)
+	}
+	q.items = live
+	q.promote(now)
+	for _, it := range q.items {
+		if it.visible && it.life > 0 && !it.runFrom.IsZero() {
+			left := it.life - it.elapsed(now)
+			if next == 0 || left < next {
+				next = left
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return next
+}
+
+func (q *toastQueue) pause(id string, paused bool, now time.Time) {
+	for i := range q.items {
+		it := &q.items[i]
+		if it.msg.ID != id || !it.visible {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case paused && !it.runFrom.IsZero():
+			it.spent, it.runFrom = it.elapsed(now), time.Time{}
+			slog.Debug("mujica: toast paused", "id", id)
+		case !paused && it.runFrom.IsZero():
+			it.runFrom = now
+			slog.Debug("mujica: toast resumed", "id", id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (q *toastQueue) remove(id string, now time.Time) {
+	for i, it := range q.items {
+		if it.msg.ID == id {
+			q.items = append(q.items[:i], q.items[i+1:]...)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	q.promote(now)
+}
+
+func toasts(c *ui.Context) *toastQueue {
+	return ui.Local(c.Root(), toastKey{}, func() toastQueue { return toastQueue{} })
+}
+
+// ShowToast queues m in the window. Call it on the UI thread.
+func ShowToast(c *ui.Context, m ToastMessage) {
+	toasts(c).push(m, c.Now())
+	c.Invalidate()
+}
+
+// DismissToast closes the toast with id, shown or queued.
+func DismissToast(c *ui.Context, id string) {
+	toasts(c).remove(id, c.Now())
+	c.Invalidate()
+}
+
+// Toaster draws the window's toasts at its bottom right. Call it once per
+// frame, last in the view. Toasts never take the focus; Tab reaches their
+// buttons. Hover or focus inside a toast pauses its time.
+func Toaster(c *ui.Context) ToasterResult {
+	q := toasts(c)
+	now := c.Now()
+	if next := q.expire(now); next > 0 {
+		c.After(next)
+	}
+	var res ToasterResult
+	if len(q.items) == 0 {
+		return res
+	}
+	k := Tokens(c)
+	u := Density(c).Unit()
+	w, _ := c.Size()
+	ui.Overlay(c, func() {
+		stack := ui.Column(c).Absolute().Right(u * 4).Bottom(u * 4).Gap(u * 2).AlignItems(ui.End).
+			PassThrough().Role(ui.RoleGroup).Label(msg(c, "toast.region"))
+		stack.Children(func() {
+			for i := range q.items {
+				it := q.items[i]
+				if !it.visible {
+					continue
+				}
+				if !it.announced {
+					q.items[i].announced = true
+					c.Announce(it.msg.Message)
+				}
+				action, closed, held := toastCard(c, k, u, min(360, w-u*8), it.msg)
+				q.pause(it.msg.ID, held, now)
+				switch {
+				case action:
+					res.Action = it.msg.ID
+					slog.Debug("mujica: toast action", "id", it.msg.ID)
+				case closed:
+					res.Closed = it.msg.ID
+					slog.Debug("mujica: toast closed", "id", it.msg.ID)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	})
+	for _, id := range []string{res.Action, res.Closed} {
+		if id != "" {
+			q.remove(id, now)
+			c.Invalidate()
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+// toastCard builds one toast and reports its events and whether hover or focus holds it.
+func toastCard(c *ui.Context, k theme.Tokens, u, width float32, m ToastMessage) (action, closed, held bool) {
+	tone, icon := severityLook(k, m.Severity)
+	card := ui.Row(c).Key(m.ID).Width(width).AlignItems(ui.Center).Gap(u*3).Padding(u*2, u*2, u*2, u*4).
+		Radius(theme.PopupRadius).Background(k.Surface).Border(theme.BorderWidth, k.ControlBorder).
+		Role(ui.RoleStatus).Label(m.Message)
+	card.Shadow(0, 4, 12, 0, ui.RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0.14))
+	card.Transition(ui.ElementTransition{
+		Duration: theme.PopupDuration,
+		Enter:    &ui.Motion{Y: 8},
+		Exit:     &ui.Motion{},
+	})
+	card.Draw(func(p *ui.Painter, r ui.Rect) {
+		p.Fill(ui.Rect{X: r.X, Y: r.Y + theme.PopupRadius, W: 3, H: r.H - 2*theme.PopupRadius}, tone, 0)
+	})
+	card.Children(func() {
+		ui.Icon(c, icon).Size(20, 20).TextColor(tone)
+		ui.Text(c, m.Message).TextColor(k.Text).Grow(1).Shrink(1).LineHeight(theme.LineHeight)
+		if m.Action != "" && Button(c, m.Action, ButtonOptions{Variant: Ghost}).Clicked() {
+			action = true
+		}
+		x := Button(c, "", ButtonOptions{Variant: Ghost, Icon: icons.Must("x"), Label: msg(c, "toast.close")})
+		x.TextColor(k.TextMuted).Padding(0, u)
+		if x.Clicked() {
+			closed = true
+		}
+	})
+	if card.Shortcut(0, ui.KeyEscape) {
+		closed = true
+	}
+	return action, closed, card.Hovered() || card.FocusWithin()
+}
diff --git a/toast_test.go b/toast_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4425ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toast_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+package mujica
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/egoist/mygo/ui"
+)
+
+func toastIDs(q *toastQueue, visible bool) []string {
+	var ids []string
+	for _, it := range q.items {
+		if it.visible == visible {
+			ids = append(ids, it.msg.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func TestToastQueueLimitsVisible(t *testing.T) {
+	var q toastQueue
+	t0 := time.Unix(0, 0)
+	for _, id := range []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"} {
+		q.push(ToastMessage{ID: id, Message: id}, t0)
+	}
+	if v, w := toastIDs(&q, true), toastIDs(&q, false); !slices.Equal(v, []string{"a", "b", "c"}) || !slices.Equal(w, []string{"d", "e"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("visible %v waiting %v", v, w)
+	}
+	// d starts its 5 s only when it shows.
+	if next := q.expire(t0.Add(ToastDuration)); next != ToastDuration {
+		t.Fatalf("next wake %v", next)
+	}
+	if v := toastIDs(&q, true); !slices.Equal(v, []string{"d", "e"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("after expiry visible %v", v)
+	}
+	q.expire(t0.Add(2*ToastDuration - time.Millisecond))
+	if len(q.items) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expired early: %v", toastIDs(&q, true))
+	}
+	q.expire(t0.Add(2 * ToastDuration))
+	if len(q.items) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("left %v", toastIDs(&q, true))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastQueueDedupesByID(t *testing.T) {
+	var q toastQueue
+	t0 := time.Unix(0, 0)
+	q.push(ToastMessage{ID: "sync", Message: "Syncing 1 file"}, t0)
+	q.push(ToastMessage{Message: "Saved"}, t0)
+	q.push(ToastMessage{ID: "sync", Message: "Syncing 2 files"}, t0.Add(4*time.Second))
+	q.push(ToastMessage{Message: "Saved"}, t0.Add(4*time.Second))
+	if len(q.items) != 2 || q.items[0].msg.Message != "Syncing 2 files" || q.items[1].msg.ID != "Saved" {
+		t.Fatalf("items %+v", q.items)
+	}
+	// The replaced toast restarted its time.
+	q.expire(t0.Add(6 * time.Second))
+	if len(q.items) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("replacement kept the old time: %d left", len(q.items))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastQueueErrorsStayAndPauseHolds(t *testing.T) {
+	var q toastQueue
+	t0 := time.Unix(0, 0)
+	q.push(ToastMessage{ID: "e", Severity: SeverityError, Message: "Failed"}, t0)
+	q.push(ToastMessage{ID: "w", Severity: SeverityWarning, Message: "Slow", Action: "Details"}, t0)
+	q.pause("w", true, t0.Add(4*time.Second))
+	if next := q.expire(t0.Add(time.Hour)); next != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("paused toast still counts down: %v", next)
+	}
+	if !slices.Equal(toastIDs(&q, true), []string{"e", "w"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("visible %v", toastIDs(&q, true))
+	}
+	q.pause("w", false, t0.Add(time.Hour))
+	if next := q.expire(t0.Add(time.Hour)); next != time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("resumed toast left %v, want 1s", next)
+	}
+	q.expire(t0.Add(time.Hour + time.Second))
+	if !slices.Equal(toastIDs(&q, true), []string{"e"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("visible %v", toastIDs(&q, true))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastQueuePanics(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, m := range []ToastMessage{{}, {Message: "x", Duration: -1}} {
+		func() {
+			defer func() {
+				if recover() == nil {
+					t.Errorf("%+v: no panic", m)
+				}
+			}()
+			var q toastQueue
+			q.push(m, time.Now())
+		}()
+	}
+}
+
+func toastTester(m ToastMessage, res *ToasterResult) *ui.Tester {
+	return ui.NewTester(func(c *ui.Context) {
+		Use(c, Settings{})
+		if Button(c, "Notify", ButtonOptions{}).Clicked() {
+			ShowToast(c, m)
+		}
+		if r := Toaster(c); r != (ToasterResult{}) {
+			*res = r
+		}
+	}, 600, 400)
+}
+
+func TestToastActionAndClose(t *testing.T) {
+	var res ToasterResult
+	tt := toastTester(ToastMessage{ID: "del", Message: "Note deleted", Action: "Undo"}, &res)
+	if err := tt.Click("Notify"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !tt.HasText("Note deleted") {
+		t.Fatal("toast not shown")
+	}
+	if err := tt.Click("Undo"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if res.Action != "del" || tt.HasText("Note deleted") {
+		t.Fatalf("after undo %+v, still shown %v", res, tt.HasText("Note deleted"))
+	}
+	res = ToasterResult{}
+	_ = tt.Click("Notify")
+	if err := tt.Click("Dismiss notification"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if res.Closed != "del" || tt.HasText("Note deleted") {
+		t.Fatalf("after close %+v", res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastKeepsFocusAndEscapeCloses(t *testing.T) {
+	var res ToasterResult
+	tt := toastTester(ToastMessage{ID: "s", Message: "Saved"}, &res)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEnter)
+	if !tt.HasText("Saved") || !tt.Focused("Notify") {
+		t.Fatalf("shown %v, focus kept %v", tt.HasText("Saved"), tt.Focused("Notify"))
+	}
+	if a := tt.Announcements(); !slices.Contains(a, "Saved") {
+		t.Fatalf("announcements %q", a)
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyTab)
+	if !tt.Focused("Dismiss notification") {
+		t.Fatal("Tab does not reach the toast")
+	}
+	tt.Key(0, ui.KeyEscape)
+	if res.Closed != "s" || tt.HasText("Saved") {
+		t.Fatalf("Escape: %+v", res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastExpiresAndHoverPauses(t *testing.T) {
+	var res ToasterResult
+	tt := toastTester(ToastMessage{Message: "Copied", Duration: 40 * time.Millisecond}, &res)
+	_ = tt.Click("Notify")
+	time.Sleep(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if tt.HasText("Copied") {
+		t.Fatal("toast outlived its duration")
+	}
+	_ = tt.Click("Notify")
+	r, _ := tt.Find("Copied")
+	tt.Move(r.X+r.W/2, r.Y+r.H/2)
+	time.Sleep(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if !tt.HasText("Copied") {
+		t.Fatal("hovered toast expired")
+	}
+	tt.Move(5, 395)
+	time.Sleep(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	tt.Frame()
+	if tt.HasText("Copied") {
+		t.Fatal("toast stayed after the pointer left")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToastSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	snapshot(t, "toast", 480, 300, func(c *ui.Context) {
+		if len(toasts(c).items) == 0 {
+			ShowToast(c, ToastMessage{ID: "1", Message: "Settings saved", Severity: SeveritySuccess})
+			ShowToast(c, ToastMessage{ID: "2", Message: "Note moved to trash", Action: "Undo"})
+			ShowToast(c, ToastMessage{ID: "3", Message: "Upload failed: network lost", Severity: SeverityError})
+			ShowToast(c, ToastMessage{ID: "4", Message: "Queued and not shown"})
+		}
+		Toaster(c)
+	})
+}