Files
ely-eye/bench/dense_scale.py
T
ZacharyZhang-NY cd9851a12c Keep the vectors beside the atoms instead of rebuilding them per query
The dense leg used to be a pair of files next to the database: a full .npy
re-encoded from every atom, re-normalized on every query, and stale the moment
anything was ingested. It is now a vec0 table inside the same SQLite file,
written in the same transaction as the atom it describes, so a memory is
queryable the instant it is remembered.

- vector_index.py maintains the table; the writer inserts, the reader never
  rebuilds. A repair scan (ely-eye build-dense-index) catches what a crash hid,
  and it is not on the search path.
- Ranking stays in the engine; every boundary (closed, retired, not yet true,
  another holder's private memory, the mounted cartridge) is checked once against
  the atoms table afterwards. A visibility subquery inside the KNN cost 48.9s on
  153,857 vectors; the same check over 200 candidates costs 0.2ms. When the
  boundaries reject enough candidates the ask widens once, never twice.
- The Go mirror and the web panel carry the new status fields.
- bench/dense_scale.py and bench/quant_probe.py measure the leg at corpus size;
  bench/scale_check.py now works on a copy so the frozen baseline stays frozen.

Measured on the frozen 165,973-atom corpus. bench/reports/DENSE.md, QUANT.md and
SCALE.md carry the numbers and the machine they were taken on.

Gates: 285 pytest, ruff clean, pyright 0 on the touched files, go build/vet/test
and gofmt clean, frontend build and eslint clean. mypy is 25 findings against the
parent's 24: the new one is "Skipping analyzing sqlite_vec: missing library stubs",
the same class as the two existing qwen_vl_utils lines, and the repo keeps no
type: ignore anywhere.
2026-10-08 14:05:27 -04:00

319 lines
14 KiB
Python

"""What the dense leg costs at the size the library actually reaches, and what a million would.
The baseline store holds 165,973 atoms. This check builds the product's own vector table inside
a copy of that store, times real searches, proves the engine's answers match a brute-force scan,
and then states what one million memories would cost on the same machine — with the assumption
written down instead of implied.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import json
import shutil
import sqlite3
import time
from collections.abc import Sequence
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
import numpy as np
from bench.query_set import load_queries, scale_probes
from bench.report import git_commit
from bench.run import latency
from bench.systems import DENSE_MODEL, MODELS, machine_facts
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ely_eye.db import Database
DEFAULT_HOME = Path("bench/runs/baseline")
DEFAULT_SCRATCH = Path("bench/runs/dense_scale")
MIN_ATOMS = 100_000
TOP_K = 10
CORRECTNESS_PROBES = 40
EXTRAPOLATE_TO = 1_000_000
WRITE_PROBES = 50
def _one_write(index: Any, atom_id: str) -> float:
"""Time one memory going into an index that already holds the whole corpus."""
began = time.perf_counter()
index.sync_atoms([atom_id])
return time.perf_counter() - began
def vector_footprint(database: Any, table: str) -> tuple[int, str]:
"""What the vector table costs on disk, and how that was counted.
The database file itself is a poor measure: free pages absorb a table this size, so the file
can stay exactly the same length while the table grows. dbstat counts the pages the vec0
shadow tables actually hold, and it works without the vec0 extension loaded.
"""
with database.connect() as connection:
try:
pages = connection.execute(
"SELECT COALESCE(SUM(pgsize), 0) FROM dbstat WHERE name LIKE ?", (f"{table}%",)
).fetchone()[0]
if int(pages):
return int(pages), "dbstat page sizes over the vec0 shadow tables"
except sqlite3.OperationalError:
pass
payload = connection.execute(
"SELECT COALESCE(SUM(length(embedding)), 0) FROM vec_atoms"
).fetchone()[0]
return int(payload), "vector bytes only, this sqlite3 has no dbstat"
def copy_store(home: Path, scratch: Path) -> tuple[Path, float]:
"""Work on a copy: the baseline store is frozen evidence and must not be migrated in place."""
source = home / "data" / "ely_eye.sqlite"
if not source.is_file():
raise SystemExit(f"{source}: no product database, build it with python -m bench.ingest_baseline")
data = scratch / "data"
data.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
began = time.perf_counter()
for suffix in ("", "-wal", "-shm"):
if (path := Path(str(source) + suffix)).is_file():
shutil.copyfile(path, data / (source.name + suffix))
return scratch, time.perf_counter() - began
def stored_vectors(database: Database) -> tuple[list[str], np.ndarray]:
"""Every vector the engine holds, for a scan it can be checked against."""
with database.connect() as connection:
rows = connection.execute(
"""
SELECT atom_id, embedding FROM vec_atoms ORDER BY atom_id
"""
).fetchall()
if not rows:
raise SystemExit("the vector table is empty, so there is nothing to measure")
ids = [str(row["atom_id"]) for row in rows]
matrix = np.stack([np.frombuffer(row["embedding"], dtype=np.float32) for row in rows])
return ids, matrix
def agreement(ids: list[str], matrix: np.ndarray, probes: Sequence[tuple[np.ndarray, list[str]]]) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""How often the engine's top ten agrees with a full scan, counting a tie as a tie."""
if not probes:
raise SystemExit("correctness needs at least one probe")
matched = 0
compared = 0
for vector, returned in probes:
cosine = matrix @ vector
order = np.argsort(-cosine, kind="stable")
threshold = cosine[order[TOP_K - 1]]
correct = {ids[index] for index in order if cosine[index] >= threshold}
matched += sum(1 for atom_id in returned if atom_id in correct)
compared += min(len(returned), TOP_K)
return {
"probes": len(probes),
"top_k": TOP_K,
"tie_aware_agreement": matched / compared if compared else 0.0,
"note": "a returned atom counts when its true cosine is at least the k-th best, so ties cannot fail the check",
}
def measure(home: Path, scratch: Path, probes: int, model_dir: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
from ely_eye.config import Settings
from ely_eye.db import Database
from ely_eye.embeddings import EmbeddingService
from ely_eye.vector_index import VectorIndex, expected_vectors
copy_home, copy_seconds = copy_store(home, scratch)
settings = Settings(
home=copy_home,
dense_embeddings_enabled=True,
embedding_model_dir=model_dir,
embedding_model_id=DENSE_MODEL,
)
database = Database(settings)
atoms = database.atom_count()
if atoms < MIN_ATOMS:
raise SystemExit(f"{database.path}: {atoms} atoms, this check needs at least {MIN_ATOMS}")
embeddings = EmbeddingService(settings, database)
index = VectorIndex(settings, database, embeddings)
print(f"{atoms} atoms copied in {copy_seconds:.1f}s, encoding with {DENSE_MODEL}", flush=True)
began = time.perf_counter()
index.sync()
build_seconds = time.perf_counter() - began
vec_bytes, bytes_method = vector_footprint(database, "vec_atoms")
print(f"index built in {build_seconds:.1f}s", flush=True)
began = time.perf_counter()
index.sync()
repair_seconds = time.perf_counter() - began
print(f"nothing to repair, the scan took {repair_seconds:.1f}s", flush=True)
queries = scale_probes(load_queries(), probes)
index.search(embeddings.embed_query(queries[0].text), TOP_K)
search_times: list[float] = []
encode_times: list[float] = []
returned: list[tuple[str, list[str]]] = []
for query in queries:
began = time.perf_counter()
vector = embeddings.embed_query(query.text)
encode_times.append(time.perf_counter() - began)
began = time.perf_counter()
hits = index.search(vector, TOP_K)
search_times.append(time.perf_counter() - began)
returned.append((query.text, list(hits)))
if len(search_times) % 100 == 0:
print(f"searched {len(search_times)}/{len(queries)}, p50 {sorted(search_times)[len(search_times) // 2] * 1000:.1f}ms", flush=True)
ids, matrix = stored_vectors(database)
print(f"{len(ids)} vectors read back, checking the engine against a brute-force scan", flush=True)
checked_probes = []
for query in queries[:CORRECTNESS_PROBES]:
vector = embeddings.embed_query(query.text)
checked_probes.append((vector, list(index.search(vector, TOP_K))))
checked = agreement(ids, matrix, checked_probes)
print(f"agreement {checked['tie_aware_agreement']:.3f} over {checked['probes']} probes", flush=True)
written = [hit[0] for _, hit in returned[:WRITE_PROBES] if hit]
writes = latency([_one_write(index, atom_id) for atom_id in written])
print(f"{len(written)} writes into a full index, p50 {writes['p50'] * 1000:.0f}ms", flush=True)
facts = index.stats()
encoded = int(facts["vectors"])
per_vector = vec_bytes / encoded if encoded else 0.0
texts_per_second = encoded / build_seconds if build_seconds else 0.0
timing = latency(search_times)
return {
"commit": git_commit(),
"database": str(database.path),
"atoms": atoms,
"memories_with_words": expected_vectors(database),
"vectors": encoded,
"pending": facts["pending"],
"dim": facts["dim"],
"model": facts["model"],
"copy_seconds": copy_seconds,
"build_seconds": build_seconds,
"texts_per_second": texts_per_second,
"repair_seconds": repair_seconds,
"writes": len(written),
"write_latency": writes,
"probes": len(queries),
"probe_modalities": sorted({query.modality for query in queries}),
"latency": timing,
"encode_latency": latency(encode_times),
"correctness": checked,
"bytes_per_vector": per_vector,
"vector_bytes": vec_bytes,
"bytes_method": bytes_method,
"extrapolation": {
"to": EXTRAPOLATE_TO,
"assumption": (
"sqlite-vec 0.1.9 scans every vector, so latency and bytes grow linearly with the "
"count; the model, the machine and the thread budget stay the same"
),
"p50_seconds": timing["p50"] * EXTRAPOLATE_TO / atoms,
"p95_seconds": timing["p95"] * EXTRAPOLATE_TO / atoms,
"write_p50_seconds": writes["p50"] * EXTRAPOLATE_TO / atoms,
"gibibytes": per_vector * EXTRAPOLATE_TO / 1024**3,
"build_seconds": EXTRAPOLATE_TO / texts_per_second if texts_per_second else None,
},
"machine": machine_facts(),
}
def write_markdown(report: dict[str, Any], path: Path) -> None:
timing = report["latency"]
encode = report["encode_latency"]
write = report["write_latency"]
machine = report["machine"]
future = report["extrapolation"]
path.write_text(
"\n".join(
[
f"# DENSE: the vector leg at corpus size (commit {report['commit'][:9]})",
"",
f"- database: `{report['database']}`",
(
f"- atoms: {report['atoms']}, memories with words: {report['memories_with_words']}, "
f"vectors: {report['vectors']}, pending: {report['pending']}"
),
f"- model: `{report['model']}`, width {report['dim']}",
(
f"- build: {report['build_seconds']:.1f}s for {report['vectors']} memories "
f"({report['texts_per_second']:.0f} per second)"
),
(
f"- writing one memory into a full index: p50 {write['p50'] * 1000:.0f}ms · "
f"p95 {write['p95'] * 1000:.0f}ms over {write['queries']} writes"
),
f"- the repair scan (`ely-eye build-dense-index`) over a full index: {report['repair_seconds']:.1f}s, and it is not on the search path",
(
f"- search p50 {timing['p50'] * 1000:.1f}ms · p95 {timing['p95'] * 1000:.1f}ms · "
f"max {timing['max'] * 1000:.1f}ms over {timing['queries']} queries"
),
(
f"- of which encoding the question: p50 {encode['p50'] * 1000:.1f}ms · "
f"p95 {encode['p95'] * 1000:.1f}ms"
),
(
f"- against a brute-force scan: {report['correctness']['tie_aware_agreement']:.3f} "
f"of the top {report['correctness']['top_k']} over {report['correctness']['probes']} probes "
f"({report['correctness']['note']})"
),
(
f"- bytes per stored vector: {report['bytes_per_vector']:.0f} "
f"({report['vector_bytes']} bytes for {report['vectors']} vectors, {report['bytes_method']})"
),
(
f"- machine: {machine['system']} {machine['release']}, {machine['cpus']} cores, "
f"{machine['threads_per_query']} threads per query, load {machine['load_average_1_5_15']}"
),
"",
"## One million memories on this machine",
"",
f"- p50 {future['p50_seconds'] * 1000:.0f}ms · p95 {future['p95_seconds'] * 1000:.0f}ms",
f"- vector table: {future['gibibytes']:.1f} GiB",
f"- first build: {future['build_seconds'] / 60:.1f} minutes",
f"- writing one memory: {future['write_p50_seconds'] * 1000:.0f}ms — a vec0 delete by id scans the table, so this grows with the count too",
f"- assumption: {future['assumption']}",
"",
(
"_Latency is wall time per search on the machine named above with the thread budget the "
"benchmark pins; a run on a loaded machine is not comparable._"
),
"",
]
),
encoding="utf-8",
)
def main() -> None:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
parser.add_argument("--home", type=Path, default=DEFAULT_HOME)
parser.add_argument("--scratch", type=Path, default=DEFAULT_SCRATCH)
parser.add_argument("--probes", type=int, default=300)
parser.add_argument("--model-dir", type=Path, default=MODELS / "paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2")
parser.add_argument("--out", type=Path, default=Path("bench/reports/DENSE.md"))
parser.add_argument("--json-out", type=Path, default=Path("bench/reports/dense.json"))
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.probes <= 0:
raise SystemExit(f"--probes must be positive, got {args.probes}")
if not args.model_dir.is_dir():
raise SystemExit(f"{args.model_dir}: no embedding snapshot, run python -m bench.fetch_models")
report = measure(args.home, args.scratch, args.probes, args.model_dir)
args.json_out.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
args.json_out.write_text(json.dumps(report, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False), encoding="utf-8")
write_markdown(report, args.out)
timing = report["latency"]
print(
f"{report['vectors']} vectors: build {report['build_seconds']:.1f}s, "
f"search p50 {timing['p50'] * 1000:.1f}ms p95 {timing['p95'] * 1000:.1f}ms, "
f"agreement {report['correctness']['tie_aware_agreement']:.3f}",
flush=True,
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()